Table 3.

The IC₅₀ values of different PCA treatments on A549 cell lines. The encapsulated PCA has greater efficacy than free PCA throughout all time points. Lower IC₅₀ values indicate a higher cytotoxic efficiency.

Time Point	24 h	48 h	72 h
	* IC50 value (µM)
PCA	N/A	N/A	N/A
CNP-PCA	191.50	75.78	63.27
pCNP-PCA	53.71	110.70	48.34

* the values were obtained through best-fit hypothetical calculation.