Table 1.
The advantages AM technologies of polymer-based materials and its potential applications.
| Technology | Material | Printing Resolution (mm) | Advantages | Applications | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material Extrusion (ME) | Thermoplastic polymers | 0.05–0.6 | Ease of use, low cost, wide availability of printers | Rapid prototyping, soft robotics, tissue engineering | [35] |
| Vat Polymerization (VP) | Photocurable resins | 0.025–0.1 | Low cost, high resolution, smooth printing surface | Tissue engineering, dental products, electronic insulators | [36] |
| Binder Jetting (BJ) | Ceramics, metals, Biomaterials | 0.3–0.5 | Fast printing, bigger build volume | Prototypes, casting patterns | [37] |
| Powder bed fusion (PBF) | Metal, polymers | 0.08–0.25 | High resolution, good quality | Electronics, aerospace, biomedical engineering | [38] |
| Material Jetting (MJ) | Photocurable polymers | 0.016–0.060 | Very high resolution, multicolor printing | Rapid prototyping, casting patterns | [39] |
| Directed Energy Deposition (DED) | Metal powder, polymer composite | 0.25–0.3 | Low manufacturing cost, high strength product | Aerospace, manufacturing | [40] |
| Sheet Lamination (SL) | Polymer, metal, ceramics | 0.1 | Low cost, wide available materials | Electronics, paper production | [41] |