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Number of newly emerged larvae (dark line) and survival of eggs (%) (light line) of Plutella xylostella treated with Ludwigia spp. aqueous extracts. Each data point represents mean ± standard error. (●) Mean number of newly emerged larvae, and (♦) mean percentage of survival of eggs. Asterisks indicate significant differences (* p < 0.05), as determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test.
