Viability of human embryonic kidney (HEK)293T cells treated with (a) SLN-A nanoparticles; (b) lipoplex-A (SLN-A with loaded plasmid DNA) for 24, 48 or 72 h. Cell viability increased across both treatments in a dose dependent manner across all three timepoints. Cell viability was lowest for cells treated with lipoplex-A for 72 h. Two-way ANOVA confirmed that a significant difference in cell viability was observed between timepoints for cells treated with both SLN-A (F(1.279, 15.35) = 21.24, p = 0.0002) and lipoplex-A (F(1.222, 14.66) = 32.56, p = < 0.0001). *** denotes p ≤ 0.001, and **** denotes p ≤ 0.0001.