Table 3.
Demographic and baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and treatment of kidney transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
| Demographics | |
|---|---|
| Age (years, median) (n = 169) | 55 (21–80) |
| Gender (male) | 276/415 (67%) |
| Type of donor (deceased donor) | 195/264 (74%) |
| Multiple organ transplant recipients | 7/420 (2%) |
| Repeat KTx | 7/420 (2%) |
| Time from KTx (years, median) | 6.5 (0–33) |
| Time from KTx ≤ 1 year | 48/209 (23%) |
| Comorbidities (n = 326) | |
| HTN | 81% |
| DM | 36% |
| CVD | 21% |
| Obesity | 15% |
| COPD | 5% |
| Malignancy | 4% |
| Chronic viral infection | 2% |
| Renal function | |
| Baseline sCr (mg/dL, median) (n = 91) | 1.47 (0.62–5.09) |
| Peak sCr during hospitalization (mg/dL, median) (n = 74) | 2.17 (0.62–10.94) |
| sCr at discharge (median) (n = 58) | 1.45 (0.29–6.45) |
| Baseline Immunosuppressive regimen | |
| MPA/AZA + CNI ± CS | 136/186 (73%) |
| Hospital admission (n = 420) | 93% |
| Duration of hospitalization (days, median) (n = 104) | 16 (1–100) |
| Admission to ICU | 118/391 (30%) |
| Duration of ICU stay (days, median) (n = 32) | 8.5 (1–34) |
| Type of Ventilation | |
| NIV | 27/379 (7%) |
| IMV | 88/379 (23%) |
| ARDS | 175/391 (45%) |
| AKI | 150/345 (44%) |
| RRT | 34/150 (23%) |
| Immunosuppression management | |
| IS discontinuation | 66/212 (31%) |
| IS reduction | 97/357 (27%) |
| Switch TAC or mTORi to CsA | 24/358 (7%) |
| CNI tapering | 65/204 (32%) |
| CNI withdrawal | 118/204 (58%) |
| Antimetabolite withdrawal | 227/250 (91%) |
| COVID-19 treatment | |
| Antivirals | 123/414 (30%) |
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir | 94/123 (76%) |
| HCQ | 320/409 (78%) |
| Antibiotics | 290/399 (73%) |
| Azithromycin | 155/290 (53%) |
| CS (IV bolus or Dexamethasone) | 83/331 (25%) |
| Anti-IL agents | 59/213 (28%) |
| IV immunoglobulins | 35/415 (8%) |
| Major outcomes | |
| Death | 93/420 (22%) |
| Discharge | 232/391 (59%) |
Data are presented as the number/total number of available observations (percent) unless otherwise stated. Abbreviations: AKI: acute kidney injury; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; AZA: azathioprine; CNI: calcineurin inhibitor; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CS: corticosteroids; CsA: cyclosporine; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HTN: hypertension; ICU: intensive care unit; IL: interleukin; IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation; IS: immunosuppression; IV: intravenous; KTx: kidney transplantation; MPA: mycophenolic acid; mTORi: mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor; n: number; NIV: non-invasive ventilation; RRT: renal replacement therapy; sCr: serum creatinine; TAC: tacrolimus.