Table 3.
Clinical distributions of single Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in our Italian Alzheimer’s Disease cohort.
| “Severity*Frequencies” Groups N Subjects (%) & |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms (“Severity*Frequencies” = 0–12) | Mean ± SD § | Free | Low | High |
| (NPI 0) | (NPI 1–4) | (NPI 6–12) | ||
| Agitation | 4.96 ± 4.32 | 102 (33.0) | 47 (15.2) | 160 (51.8) |
| Irritability | 4.57 ± 4.25 | 109 (35.4) | 52 (16.9) | 147 (47.7) |
| Night-time behavior disturbances | 4.22 ± 4.55 | 136 (44.0) | 44 (14.2) | 129 (41.7) |
| Aberrant motor behavior | 4.12 ± 4.72 | 148 (48.2) | 39 (12.7) | 120 (39.1) |
| Apathy | 3.03 ± 4.19 | 178 (58.0) | 42 (13.7) | 87 (28.3) |
| Delusions | 3.00 ± 4.00 | 166 (54.1) | 52 (16.9) | 89 (29.0) |
| Anxiety | 2.53 ± 4.10 | 200 (65.4) | 30 (9.8) | 76 (24.8) |
| Depression | 2.50 ± 3.90 | 185 (60.3) | 53 (17.3) | 69 (22.5) |
| Hallucination | 2.30 ± 3.55 | 187 (60.9) | 55 (17.9) | 65 (21.2) |
| Appetite and eating disturbances | 1.94 ± 3.59 | 223 (72.2) | 28 (9.1) | 58 (18.8) |
| Disinhibition | 0.93 ± 2.44 | 253 (82.4) | 28 (9.1) | 26 (8.5) |
| Euphoria | 0.12 ± 0.86 | 299 (97.4) | 6 (2.0) | 2 (0.7) |
| NPI, total score (0–144) | 34.1 ± 22.6 | |||
| NPI, n symptoms | 4.9 ± 2.4 | |||
Note: § Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the scores relative to “severity*frequencies” of the single items. & Number (N) and percentage (%) of subjects present in each group (Free, Low, and High) compared to individual symptoms. Free: “severity*frequencies” score (NPI 0) for all the individual symptoms; Low: “severity*frequencies” score (NPI 1–4) for all the individual symptoms; High: “severity*frequencies” score (NPI 6–12) for all the individual symptoms.