Table. Characteristics of the Included Studies.
| Source | Duration | Design | Location | No. of patients (tumor site) | HPV diagnostic method (HPV type) | HPV prevalence, % | Outcome | Median follow-up, mo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| Chuang et al,16 2012 | 2001-2010 | OSI | Taiwan | 178 (Oral cavity) | p16 IHC | 52 | 48 | OS, RFS | 6 |
| Chung et al,10 2014 | Multiple trials | RCT | US | 80 (Oral cavity), 181 (larynx), 61 (hypopharynx) | p16 IHC | 26.3 | 73.8 | OS, PFS | 60 |
| Fakhry et al,17 2017 | 1995-2012 | OSI | US | 243 (Larynx), 125 (nasopharynx) | HPV DNA, ISH | 5 (Larynx), 10 (nasopharynx) | 95 (Larynx), 90 (nasopharynx) | OS | 42 |
| Hernandez et al,18 2014 | 1993-2004 | PBO | US | 148 (Larynx) | HPV DNA, PCR (NS) | 20.9 | 79.1 | OS | NS |
| Jiang et al,19 2016 | 2000-2014 | OSI | US | 86 (Nasopharynx) | p16 IHC | 15 (p16+/EBV+) | 85 | OS | 36 |
| Kang et al,20 2016 | 1993-2016 | OSI | South Korea | 46 (Nasopharynx) | p16 IHC | 67.4 | 32.6 | DSS | NS |
| Lai et al,21 2017 | 2000-2014 | OSI | Australia | 95 (Oral cavity) | p16 IHC, HPV DNA, ISH | 61 | 39 | OS, DFS | NS |
| Lam et al,22 2018 | 2005-2010 | OSI | China | 85 (Larynx) | p16 IHC | 12.9 | 87.1 | OS | NS |
| Lassen et al,23 2014 | Multiple trials | RCT | Denmark | 321 (Larynx), 137 (hypopharynx) | p16 IHC | 13.7 (Larynx), 15.3 (hypopharynx) | 86.3 (Larynx), 84.7 (hypopharynx) | OS | 60 |
| Lee et al,24 2012 | 2004-2006 | OSI | Taiwan | 333 (Oral cavity) | HPV DNA, PCR (16) | 21.3 | 78.7 | OS, DFS | 58 |
| Lee et al,25 2015 | 2004-2011 | OSI | Taiwan | 1002 (Oral cavity) | HPV DNA, PCR (16) | 19 | 81 | OS | 69 |
| Li et al,12 2018 | 2010-2014 | PBO | US | 9080 (Oral cavity), 7725 (larynx), 1931 (hypopharynx), 1006 (nasopharynx) | HPV DNA (NS) | 13.5 (Oral cavity), 12.2 (larynx), 16.9 (hypopharynx), 32.5 (nasopharynx) | 86.5 (Oral cavity), 87.8 (larynx), 83.1 (hypopharynx), 67.5 (nasopharynx) | OS | 60 |
| Loeschke et al,26 2016 | 2000-2004 | OSI | Germany | 85 (Oral cavity) | p16 IHC | 9.5 | 90.5 | OS, DFS | NS |
| Ni et al,27 2019 | 2013-2014 | OSI | China | 147 (Oral cavity) | p16 IHC | 14.3 | 85.7 | OS | NS |
| Ramshankar et al,28 2014 | 1995-2007 | OSI | India | 167 (Oral cavity) | p16, HPV DNA, PCR (16) | 15.4 | 84.6 | OS, DFS | 74 |
| Rodríguez-Santamarta et al,29 2016 | 1996-2007 | OSI | Spain | 125 (Oral cavity) | p16 IHC | 11 | 89 | OS | NS |
| Ruuskanen et al,30 2019 | 1990-2009 | PBO | Finland | 150 (Nasopharynx) | HPV DNA, ISH | 14 (HPV+/EBV+) | 86 | OS, DSS | NS |
| Saghravanian et al,31 2016 | 2001-2013 | OSI | Iran | 114 (Oral cavity) | HPV DNA, PCR (6, 11) | 13 | 87 | OS, DFS | 35.5 |
| Stanley et al,32 2019 | NS | OSI | US | 55 (Larynx) | p16 IHC | 33 | 67 | Mortality (OS) | 30 |
| Stenmark et al,33 2014 | 1985-2011 | OSI | US | 61 (Nasopharynx) | p16 IHC | 30 (HPV+/EBV−) | 70 | OS, DSS | 84 |
| Tong et al,34 2018 | NS | OSI | China | 211 (Larynx) | HPV PCR and ISH (11, 13,16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 58, 59, 68, 70) | 54 | 46 | OS | NS |
| Wotman et al,35 2019 | 2013-2015 | PBO | US | 517 (Nasopharynx) | HPV status (NS) | 34.8 | 65.2 | CSS (DSS) | NS |
| Young et al,36 2015 | 2002-2012 | OSI | Australia | 307 (Larynx) | p16 IHC | 6.5 | 93.5 | OS | 41 |
| Zhao et al,37 2009 | 1991-2001 | OSI | China | 52 (Oral cavity) | HPV DNA, PCR (6, 11, 16, 18) | 40.4 | 59.6 | OS | 50.7 |
Abbreviations: CSS, cancer-specific survival; DSS, disease-specific survival; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; EBV+, EBV positive; EBV−, EBV negative; HPV, human papillomavirus; IHC, immunohistochemistry; ISH, in situ hybridization; NS, not specified; OS, overall survival; OSI, observational single institutional; PBO, population-based observational; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RCT, randomized clinical trial.