Table 2.
Comparison of the results of questionnaires/scales between study groups.
| Parameter | IBD | HC | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Exacerbation | Remission | ||||
| PSQI | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–8) | 5 (3–6.8) | 4 (2–6) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
20.008 4 0.067 |
| ESS | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–10.5) | 5 (3–7) | 3 (2–7) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
20.009 4 0.105 |
| AIS | 5.0 (4.0–8.0) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
2 0.021 4 0.019 |
| BDI | 7.0 (4.0–11.0) | 8.0 (5.0–12.0) | 5.0 (2.0–9.8) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
2
0.001
4 0.001 |
| VAS | 4.0 (0–5.0) | 5.0 (2.0–5.5) | 2.8 (0–4.9) | 0 (0–3.0) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
2
0.004
4 0.009 |
| LPS | 3.0 (0.0–5.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) |
1
0.004
3 <0.001 |
20.001 4 0.617 |
| Sleep latency [min] | 15 (10–30) | 15 (10–35) | 15 (10–30) | 10 (5–15) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
2 0.352 4 0.009 |
| Hours of sleep | 7.0 (6.0–7.8) | 7.0 (6.0–8.0) | 7.0 (6.0–7.5) | 6.8(6.0–7.3) |
1 0.304 3 0.381 |
2 0.968 4 0.352 |
| Hours spent in bed | 8.0 (7.0–8.5) | 8.0 (7.0–8.5) | 8.0 (7.0–8.5) | 7.0 (6.5–8.0) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
2 0.824 4 0.002 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 88.9 (83.2–94.7) |
88.9 (81.8–95.5) |
89.4 (86.2–94.4) | 97.2 (92.9–98.6) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
2 0.662 4 <0.001 |
| Waking up in the night n (%) | 94 (70.7%) | 66 (79.5%) | 28 (56.0%) | 24 (42.1%) |
1
<0.001
3 <0.001 |
20.004 4 0.151 |
Data are presented as median (IQR) unless otherwise indicated. In bold—statistically significant differences regarding multiple testing correction between subgroups; 1 All vs HC; 2 Exacerbation vs Remission; 3 Exacerbation vs HC; 4 Remission vs HC; Abbreviations: AIS: Athens Insomnia Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; HC: health control; IBD: inflammatory bowel diseases; IQR: interquartile range; LPS: Laitinen Pain Scale; n: number; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.