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. 2020 Sep 3;12(9):2492. doi: 10.3390/cancers12092492

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Bioenergetic mechanisms in metabolic rewiring. The simplified figure shows the investigated bioenergetic pathways with the metabolic enzymes and proteins of interest. The mTOR-related proteins include p-S6, p-(Ser473)-Akt (p-Akt), p-mTOR, Raptor, Rictor. The metabolic enzymes/proteins include GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A) and LDHB (lactate dehydrogenase B) involved in glycolysis; GLS (glutaminase) involved in glutaminolysis; ACSS2 (acyl-coA synthetase short-chain family member 2) involved in acetate consumption; and FASN (fatty acid synthase), p-Acly (phospho-ATP-citrate lyase) and CPT1A (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A) involved lipid metabolism.