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Several small molecules induce SIRT1/PGC-1α/UCP1 to mediate thermogenesis. β-Lapachone phosphorylates AMPK/ACC/p38/JNK/ERK1/2, increases the mitochondrial count, and increases the antiobese and thermogenic effects. All the small molecules listed in Table 2 can improve insulin sensitivity and increase energy expenditure. ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.
