Table 4.
Single and mixed presence of DNA of microorganisms in ticks of small ruminants in the FATA of Pakistan.
| Microorganisms | Number of Ticks Positive for Single and Mixed Infections | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bajaur (n = 12) |
Khyber (n = 12) |
Mohmand (n = 14) |
Orakzai (n = 4) |
North Waziristan (n = 12) | Total | |
| Single | ||||||
| Anaplasma ovis | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| A. centrale | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Rickettsia slovaca | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 3 |
| R. massiliae | - | 1 | - | - | 2 | 3 |
| Francisella-like | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Theileria spp. | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Double | ||||||
| A. centrale, R. massiliae | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| A. ovis, Theileria spp. | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2 |
| A. ovis, R. massiliae. | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| A. ovis, Coxiella-like | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Francisella-like, Theileria spp. | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| R. massiliae, R. slovaca | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| R. massiliae, Coxiella-like | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Triple | ||||||
| A. ovis, R. massiliae, Theileria spp. | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| A. ovis, R. massiliae, R. slovaca | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| A. ovis, Francisella-like, Theileria spp. | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| A. centrale, R. massiliae, R. slovaca | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Coxiella-like, Ehrlichia spp., Francisella-like, | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Coxiella-like, R. massiliae, Theileria spp. | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Ehrlichia spp., Francisella-like, Theileria spp. | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Francisella-like, R. massiliae, R. slovaca | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| R. conorii, R. massiliae, R. slovaca | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| R. massiliae, R. slovaca, Theileria spp. | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Quadruple | ||||||
| A. centrale, A. marginale, R. massiliae, Theileria spp. | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| A. centrale, A. ovis, R. massiliae, Theileria spp. | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| A. ovis, Ehrlichia spp., Francisella-like, Theileria spp. | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| A. ovis, R. massiliae, Francisella-like, Theileria spp. | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Francisella-like, R. aeschlimannii, R. massiliae, R. slovaca | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Francisella-like, R. massiliae, R. slovaca, Theileria spp. | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| R. aeschlimannii, R. conorii, R. massiliae, R. slovaca | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| Quintuple | ||||||
| A. ovis, Francisella-like, R. massiliae, R. slovaca, Theileria spp. | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Septuple | ||||||
| A. ovis, Francisella-like, R. aeschlimannii, R. conorii, R. massiliae, R. slovaca, Theileria spp. | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Total | 5 | 9 | 12 | 3 | 10 | 39 |