Table 1.
Epidemiologic characteristics, clinical features, comorbidities and radiographic findings of patients stratified by three different levels of serum sodium
| Attribute | Total (n = 1254) | Serum bloood sodium | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyponatremia (n = 124) (< 135 mmol/L) | Normonatremia (n = 1100) (135-145 mmol/L) | Hypernatremia (n = 30) (> 145 mmol/L) | p1 (1-2) | p2 (2-3) | p3 (1-3) | ||
| No. of patients (%) | 1254 (100) | 124 (9.9) | 1100 (87.7) | 30 (2.4) | – | – | – |
| Age, median(range), year | 56 (19-94) | 64 (27-94) | 55 (19–89) | 62 (29–84) | <0.001* | 0.186 | 1.000 |
| Gander | |||||||
| Male | 641 (51.1) | 76 (61.3) | 550 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 0.018* | 1.000 | 0.259 |
| Female | 613 (48.9) | 48 (38.7) | 550 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | |||
| Exposure or contact information, no.(%) | |||||||
| Family source | 89 (7.0) | 4 (3.2) | 82 (7.5) | 3 (10.0) | 0.131 | 0.547 | 0.128 |
| Exposure to Wuhan | 1059 (84.5) | 106 (85.5) | 927 (84.2) | 26 (86.7) | |||
| Others | 106 (8.5) | 14 (11.3) | 91 (8.3) | 1 (3.3) | |||
| Signs and symptoms at disease onset, no.(%) | |||||||
| Fever | 894 (71.3) | 100 (80.6) | 770 (70.0) | 24 (80.0) | 0.013* | 0.237 | 0.936 |
| Cough | 712 (56.8) | 71 (57.3) | 630 (57.3) | 16 (53.3) | 0.998 | 0.667 | 0.697 |
| Expectoration | 180 (14.4) | 21 (16.9) | 157 (14.3) | 2 (6.7) | 0.425 | 0.237 | 0.157 |
| Fatigue | 337 (26.9) | 39 (31.5) | 292 (26.5) | 6 (20.0) | 0.243 | 0.422 | 0.216 |
| Shortness of breath | 259 (20.7) | 30 (24.2) | 220 (20.0) | 9 (30.0) | 0.272 | 0.179 | 0.512 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 42 (3.3) | 9 (7.3) | 32 (2.9) | 1 (3.3) | 0.011* | 0.892 | 0.711 |
| Diarrhea | 109 (8.7) | 12 (9.7) | 94 (8.5) | 3 (10.0) | 0.671 | 0.960 | 0.772 |
| Chills | 70 (5.6) | 11 (8.9) | 59 (5.4) | 0 | |||
| Pharyngalgia | 47 (3.7) | 1 (0.8) | 44 (4.0) | 2 (6.7) | 0.124 | 0.794 | 0.178 |
| Headache | 47 (3.7) | 6 (4.8) | 41 (3.7) | 0 | |||
| Chest pain | 37 (3.0) | 4 (1.7) | 31 (2.8) | 2 (6.7) | 0.979 | 0.493 | 0.728 |
| Asymptomatic | 15 (1.2) | 0 | 15 (1.4) | 0 | |||
| Comorbidity, no.(%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 345 (27.5) | 47 (37.9) | 287 (26.1) | 11 (36.7) | 0.005* | 0.195 | 0.900 |
| CAD | 72 (5.7) | 18 (14.5) | 52 (4.7) | 2 (6.7) | 0.000009* | 0.623 | 0.251 |
| Hyperlipidimia | 95 (7.6) | 7 (5.6) | 85 (7.7) | 3 (10) | 0.404 | 0.647 | 0.385 |
| Heart failure | 26 (2.1) | 5 (4.0) | 20 (1.8) | 1 (3.3) | 0.098 | 0.937 | 0.728 |
| COPD | 29 (2.3) | 5 (4.0) | 23 (2.1) | 1 (3.3) | 0.17 | 0.860 | 0.727 |
| 2-DM | 184 (14.7) | 31 (25) | 146 (13.3) | 7 (23.3) | 0.0004* | 0.112 | 0.849 |
| CKD | 39 (3.1) | 7 (5.6) | 31 (2.8) | 1 (3.3) | 0.085 | 0.697 | 0.957 |
| CLD | 18 (1.4) | 2 (1.7) | 14 (1.3) | 2 (6.7) | 0.752 | 0.092 | 0.357 |
| Cancer | 24 (1.9) | 5 (4.0) | 18 (1.6) | 1 (3.3) | 0.063 | 0.995 | 0.741 |
| Others | 153 (12.2) | 16 (12.9) | 130 (11.8) | 7 (23.3) | 0.724 | 0.057 | 0.150 |
| CT findings involving lobes no. (%) | |||||||
| 0–2 lobe | 183 (14.6) | 8 (6.5) | 174 (15.8) | 1 (3.3) | 0.005* | 0.108 | 0.826 |
| 3 or more lobes | 1071 (85.4) | 116 (93.5) | 926 (84.2) | 29 (96.7) | |||
*Significant statistical difference
CAD coronary heart disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2-DM type II-diabetes, CKD chronic kidney failure, CLD chronic liver disease, CT Computed tomography