Table 2.

Summary of preclinical researches conducted with CIK cells on RCC.

Study	Method	Conclusion
Finke et al. [37]	CIK cells transfected with IL-7 gene	Improved proliferation rate and increased TNF-α production of transfected CIK cells; significantly higher cytotoxic activity against the RCC cell line
Hillebrand et al. [38]	DCs transduced with adenoviruses carrying human CD40L (Ad-hCD40L) + CIK cells	Co-culture of Ad-hCD40L DCs with CIK cells led to a significant stimulation of tumor-specific CIK cells, with increased proliferation and cytotoxicity
Sievers et al. [40]	Telomerase peptide pulsed DCs + CIK cells	Significantly increased cytotoxic activity against RCC cell lines and autologous, telomerase positive primary cell cultures
Zhang et al. [41]	An anti-TIGIT functional antibody + CIK cells	CIK cells with TIGIT blocked indicated increased proliferation, higher cytotoxicity against tumor cells expressing CD155 and higher expression of IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α
Setiawan et al. [42]	Peptide P60+ CIK cells	CIK cells combined with P60 resulted in a significant decrease in the viability of renal and pancreatic cancer cell lines
Dehno et al. [43]	CIK cells treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab	CIK cells treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab had no remarkable effect on the viability of RCC cells; the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab significantly increased the proliferation and IFN-γ secretion of CIK cells

IL-7: interleukin-7; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; DCs: dendritic cells; TIGIT: T cell Ig and ITIM domain; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; IL-6: interleukin-6.