| myocardium patch |
human cardiac
progenitor cells, hMSCs and human dermal microvascular
ECs |
heart-derived ECM or collagen printed on top of
a PCL scaffold |
stacked layers composed of alternated
bioinks |
n/a |
pressure- or piston-driven extrusion |
two support layers
of PCL were printed followed by multiple
layers |
implants of 8 mm diameter and
0.5 mm thickness were implanted subcutaneously in mice and in rat
myocardial infarct model |
(446) |
| myocardium patch |
HUVEC and hMSCs |
polyester urethane urea porous
film, matrigel |
stacked layers with PEUU substrate and 2 layers of bioinks |
PEUU with 0.78
MPa (tensile strength) |
laser-induced forward transfer |
PEUU prepared with TIPS placed on collector slide; HUVEC-deposited 0/90 grid and hMSCs in squares inside grid (2 layers) |
implants were tested in
rats with induced MI by ligation of
the left anterior descending coronary artery |
(449) |
| cardiac in vitro model |
human fetal
CMs progenitors |
alginate and alginate–RGD mixture (1:1) |
square blocks with 20 × 20 mm and composed of 6 perpendicular
layers; thickness 463–513 μm |
n/a |
piston-driven
extrusion |
30 million cells/mL of gel were printed and
cross-linked with
CaCl2
|
in vitro culture during 7 days |
(447) |
| myocardium patch |
human cardiac-derived progenitor cells |
gelatin
and HA |
20 × 20 mm
and composed of 6 perpendicular layers. |
n/a |
piston-driven
extrusion |
thiol-modified HA was mixed with thiol reactive
cross-linker
and 30 million cells/mL |
in vivo evaluation
on MI mice model after
ligation of the left anterior descending coronary; implant during 28 days |
(448) |
| myocardium patch |
hiPSC-CMs, HUVEC, human adult ventricular cardiac fibroblasts |
biomaterial-free approach |
cell spheroids (33000
cells) were dispensed on a needle array
to produce one layer construct |
n/a |
regenova, vacuum pick-and-place |
after
spheroid fusion (72 h), construct is
removed from a needle array and further matured before
implantation |
patch was glued or sutured in nude rats
and kept in
vivo for 1 week |
(161) |
| myocardium patch |
hiPSC-CMs, smooth muscle cells
and ECs |
GelMA |
patch size of 2 × 2 mm
with 100 μm thickness |
n/a |
multiphoton |
patches were seeded and
cultured for 1 day prior to implantation |
patches were implanted and sutured in nude mice after ligation
of the left anterior descending coronary and kept in vivo during 4 weeks |
(451) |
| myocardium patch |
human cardiac-derived progenitor cells |
GelMa and GelMA/ECM |
patches with 10 mm diameter
and 0.6 mm thickness or 10 × 10 × 0.6 mm (3 layers 0/90°) |
3 kPa GelMa, 5 kPa GelMA/ECM |
pressure-driven system |
3 million cells/mL; white-light
cross-linking postprinting at 4 °C during 5 min |
patches
were implanted in rats under pericardium or sutured
to the ventricle; non MI model; explants performed on days 7 and 14 |
(450) |
| myocardium |
HUVEC, neonatal rat CMs, hiPSCs- CMs |
alginate and GelMA |
scaffolds with 5.5 × 3.5 × 0.75 mm3; fiber
resolution 120 μm postprinting and 150
μm postswelling |
5.2–22.6 kPa depending
on fiber spacing |
pump-driven with coaxial nozzle |
initial cross-linking of alginate ECs bioink with CaCl2; post-cross-linking of GelMa with UV; postseeding of the
construct with CMs |
In vitro evaluation
with and without perfusion |
(162) |
| aortic heart valve |
porcine
aortic valve interstitial cells and human aortic root
smooth muscle cells |
alginate and gelatin mixture |
CT-based porcine heart valve geometry or grids |
ultimate tensile strength 840–400 kPa; elastic modulus 1.44–0.98 MPa |
piston-driven
extrusion |
2 million cells/mL
mixed with
alginate and gelatin, bioprinted, and post-cross-linked with CaCl2
|
in vitro culture during 7 days |
(453) |
| aortic heart valve |
human aortic valvular interstitial cells |
methacrylated
HA and GelMa |
cuboids with 5 × 5 × 1.5 mm or CAD design model of valve with 26
mm diameter and 8 mm height |
13–4.2 kPa |
piston-driven extrusion |
5 million cells/mL encapsulated
in biomaterial mixture and post-cross-linked with UV for 5 min |
in vitro culture
during 7 days |
(452) |
