Humoral immune responses elicited by ChAdOx1/MVA vaccines in rhesus macaques. A group of rhesus macaques (n = 5) were co-immunized with ChAdOx1 PcCSP and ChAdOx1 PcTRAP at 1 × 1010 iu and the control group (n = 5) were immunized with unrelated ChAdOx1 DENV NS1 vaccine. Eight weeks after prime vaccination, the animals were boosted with MVA encoding the same antigens. Plasma samples were collected at 8 weeks after prime immunization and 2 weeks after P-B immunization. Antibody responses elicited by vaccines were quantified by ELISA in plates coated with a PcCSP (A) or PcTRAP (B) proteins. p-values were determined by unpaired t-test. p > 0.05 (ns), p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001 (****).