Table 2.

Strategies for JEV subunit vaccines produced in E. coli for preclinical evaluation.

Target	Strategy	Immune Response	Protection	Refolding	Ref.
E protein	Fragments of E protein capable of reacting with neutralizing mAbs	↓Neutralizing Abs	No significant protection	Yes	[99]
E protein	Two fragments of E protein Ea and Eb	Ea: ↓Neutralizing Abs Eb: ↑ Neutralizing Abs	Ea–No significant protection Eb–Partial protection	Ea–Yes Eb–No	[100]
EDIII	Immunization with Freund’s adjuvant or different charged liposomes in mice	Freund’s adjuvant: ↑ Neutralizing Abs Cationic liposomes: ↑ Neutralizing Abs	Freund’s adjuvant: 60% of protection Cationic liposomes: 80% of protection	No	[102]
EDIII	Immunization with Freund’s complete adjuvant Boost with Immunization with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant	↑ Neutralizing Abs	62.5% of protection	No	[36]
NS1	Immunization with Freund’s complete adjuvant Boost with Immunization with Freund’s incomplete	↓Neutralizing Abs	87.5% of protection	No	[36]

↑ = increased and ↓ = decreased.