Table 6.

Strategies for ZIKV subunit vaccines produced in E. coli for preclinical evaluation.

Target	Strategy	Immune Response	Protection	Refolding	Ref.
E protein	90% of the N-terminal whole E protein + alum adjuvant	Mice: ↑IgG and neutralizing Ab titers	Neonatal mice: full protection Pregnant mice: fetus and offspring protection from ZIKV-induced microcephaly	Yes	[216]
E protein	80% of the N-terminal whole E protein + alum adjuvant	Mice: ↑IgG and neutralizing Ab titers; ↑ ZIKV specific T cells; IFNy	Mice: ↑survival	Yes	[218]
E protein	Consensus E protein lacking the whole stem and trans membrane regions + poly (I:C) or CpG ODN adjuvants	Mice: ↑IgG titer; ↑ ZIKV specific T cells; IFNy	ND	Yes	[219]
EDIII protein	Full EDIII sequence + TMG or alum adjuvants	Mice: ↑IgG and neutralizing Ab titers; ↑IFNy, IL-4 and IL-6	ND	Yes	[220]

ND = not determined and ↑ = increased.