Table 2.

List of lncRNAs associated with taxane resistance.

Name of lncRNA	Classification	Type of Cancer	Role in Drug Resistance	Mechanism	Reference
UCA1 (urothelial carcinoma associated 1)	Intergenic	Ovarian cancer	↑ PTX resistance	Sponging miR-129 → ↑ ABCB1-induced drug efflux Regulating miR-654-5p/SIK2 axis	[131] [132]
LINC01118	Intergenic	Ovarian cancer	↑ PTX resistance	Regulating miR-134/ABCC1 axis	[133]
NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1)	Intergenic	Ovarian cancer	↑ PTX resistance	Sponging miR-194 → ↑ ZEB1 expression → ↑ EMT	[134]
NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1)	Intergenic	Endometrial cancer	↑ PTX resistance	Sponging miR-194 → ↑ STAT3 expression	[135]
SNHG5 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 5)	Intergenic	Ovarian cancer	↓ PTX resistance	Sponging oncogenic miR-23a	[136]
SDHAP1 (succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein pseudogene 1)	Pseudogene	Ovarian cancer	↑ PTX resistance	Regulating miR-4465/EIF4G2 axis	[137]
HEIH (highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma)	Intergenic	Endometrial cancer	↑ PTX resistance	Activating MAPK pathway	[138]
FER1L4 (fer-1 like family member 4)	Pseudogene	Ovarian cancer	↓ PTX resistance	↓ Phosphorylation of MAPK	[139]
LINC00312 (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 312)	Intergenic	Ovarian cancer	↓ PTX resistance	Blocking BCL-2 expression and activating Bax/Caspas3 apoptotic pathways	[140].
ANRIL (antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus)	Antisense	Endometrial cancer	↑ PTX resistance	Regulating both miR-125a-5p/Bcl2 and miR-125a-5p/MRP4 axes	[141]
KB-1471A8.2	Antisense	Ovarian cancer	↓ PTX resistance	Blocking S-phase entry and CDK4	[142]
CTD-2589M5.4	Intergenic	Ovarian cancer	Associated with multidrug resistance	Unknown but may be related to ABCB1, ABCB4, ABCC3, and ABCG2	[143]

The arrows in this table refer to: ↑ (increase); ↓ (decrease); → (leading to).