Table 2.

Average (±SE) and total ambrosia beetle attacks on tree bolts treated with permethrin at different times (0, 8, 17, or 24 d) before introducing ethanol to attract ambrosia beetles

	Fall 2017		Spring 2018
Permethrin spray timing (days before ethanol)	Average (±SE) total attacks/tree bolt	Total attacks	Average (±SE) total attacks/tree bolt	Total attacks
Control	9.17 ± 2.07a	55	4.67 ± 1.20a	28
24	4.17 ± 1.62b	25	4.33 ± 1.74a	26
17	0.33 ± 0.21c	2	1.67 ± 0.42b	10
8	0.17 ± 0.17c	1	1.67 ± 0.42b	10
0	0.00 ± 0.00c	0	1.17 ± 0.31b	7

Different letters in the last column represent significant differences among permethrin spray timing treatments in total cumulative attacks (α = 0.05). Average total cumulative attacks were used for the GLIM analysis (Fall 2017: χ ² = 37.4, df = 4, P < 0.0001; Spring 2018: χ ² = 13.92, df = 4, P = 0.0076).