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. 2020 Aug 26;9(9):1971. doi: 10.3390/cells9091971

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic structure of the three generations of CARs. CAR is a fusion protein composed of an extracellular scFv that is derived from VH and VL regions of an antibody, a transmembrane domain and intracellular signaling domains derived from T cell signaling proteins. First-generation CAR contains only CD3ζ chain for signal transduction. In addition to the CD3ζ chain, second-generation CAR possesses one of the costimulatory receptor-derived signal transduction domains, such as from CD28 and 4-1BB. Third-generation CAR consists of two costimulatory domains. CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; scFv, single chain variable fragment; VH, variable heavy chain; VL, variable light chain.