Table 1.
Baseline clinical variables of the three BMI groups at the time of renal biopsy.
| BMI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <18.5 kg/m2 (n = 32) |
18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (n = 312) |
≥25 kg/m2 (n = 193) |
p | |
| Age (year) | 34.3 ± 14.8 | 40.0 ± 15.2 * | 44.1 ± 13.3 * | <0.001 |
| Sex (male, %) | 15 (46.9) | 140 (44.9) | 105 (54.4) | 0.112 |
| Alcohol (yes, %) | 7 (21.9) | 56 (17.9) | 39 (20.3) | 0.737 |
| Smoking (yes, %) | 7 (21.9) | 42 (13.5) | 35 (18.7) | 0.219 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 3 (9.4) | 14 (4.5) | 15 (7.8) | 0.218 |
| Hypertension (%) | 5 (15.6) | 75 (24.0) | 74 (38.5) | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.7 ± 0.7 | 22.0 ± 1.7 * | 28.5 ± 3.1 *,† | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.5 ± 15.5 | 122.9 ± 16.5 * | 127.8 ± 14.5 * | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69.8 ± 11.6 | 75.3 ± 10.0 * | 78.8 ± 10.0 * | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.7 ± 1.9 | 13.0 ± 2.0 * | 13.8 ± 1.8 * | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 4.3 | 0.8 ± 2.4 | 0.783 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 96.7 ± 14.5 | 105.1 ± 29.5 | 113.3 ± 37.2 * | 0.004 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.945 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 111.1 ± 38.1 | 101.7 ± 36.9 | 93.3 ± 32.1* | 0.006 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 0.303 |
| AST (IU/L) | 19.6 ± 5.1 | 22.3 ± 10.9 | 24.3 ± 10.0 * | 0.021 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 12.7 ± 6.2 | 20.2 ± 28.0 | 25.9 ± 19.6 * | 0.003 |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.3 ± 1.9 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 6.5 ± 2.0 * | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 169.8 ± 38.5 | 183.7 ± 48.8 | 201.0 ± 68.0 * | 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 95.5 ± 49.2 | 132.8 ± 99.5 | 209.0 ± 163.3 *,† | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 94.4 ± 132.8 | 104.9 ± 37.1 | 118.0 ± 46.3 * | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 59.3 ± 17.0 | 54.1 ± 16.1 | 48.4 ± 16.9 * | <0.001 |
| 24-h proteinuria (g/day) | 0.45 ± 0.85 | 0.93 ±1.52 | 1.46 ±2.71 * | 0.007 |
| Urine RBCs (grade) | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 0.697 |
| Serum C3 (mg/dL) | 87.2 ± 17.1 | 101.1 ± 19.6 * | 117.8 ± 20.7 *,† | <0.001 |
| Serum C4 (mg/dL) | 22.7 ± 5.4 | 27.4 ± 9.0 * | 31.6 ± 8.9 *,† | <0.001 |
| Serum IgA (mg/dL) | 284.0 ± 109.0 | 316.1 ± 164.3 | 310.7 ± 147.6 | 0.475 |
* ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; C3, complement 3; C4, complement 4; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; hs-CRP, high sensitivity-C-reactive protein; IgA, immunoglobulin A LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; RBCs, red blood cells; SBP, systolic blood pressure. * p < 0.05 vs. BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 and † p < 0.05 vs. BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 by one-way ANOVA with Scheffe’s post-hoc analysis.