Table 1.
Characteristics of the included protocols according to the adoption of biomarkers.
| Adopting Biomarkers (n = 92) | Non Adopting Biomarkers (n = 66) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants per study (n) | 120 (43–382) | 133 (43–267) | 0.77 |
| Phases | <0.01 | ||
| Phase 1 and Phase 1–2 | 22 (23.9) | 14 (21.2) | |
| Phase 2 and Phase 2–3 | 52 (56.5) | 24 (36.4) | |
| Phase 3 | 15 (16.3) | 18 (27.3) | |
| Phase 4 | 3 (3.3) | 10 (15.2) | |
| Condition | 0.21 | ||
| Enrolling participants with AD dementia | 74 (80.4) | 58 (87.9) | |
| Not enrolling participants with AD dementia | 18 (19.6) | 8 (12.1) | |
| Main sponsor | 0.12 | ||
| Industry | 56 (60.9) | 32 (48.5) | |
| Other | 36 (39.1) | 34 (51.5) | |
| Primary outcome | <0.001 | ||
| Safety | 33 (35.9) | 17 (25.8) | |
| Clinical improvement | 38 (41.3) | 47 (71.2) | |
| AD biological change | 21 (14.6) | 2 (3.0) | |
| Intervention | 0.04 | ||
| Pharmacological | 87 (94.6) | 56 (84.8) | |
| Non-pharmacological | 5 (5.4) | 10 (15.2) |
AD: Alzheimer’s disease; MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; SCD: Subjective cognitive decline. Data are shown as median (IQR) or n (%).