Figure 1.

Differences in cytokine levels between PV, ET and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Significant differences were found between PV, ET or PMF patients in the levels of 12 cytokines: (a) IL-1Rα; (b) IL-4; (c) IL-9; (d) IL-17; (e) IL-26; (f) MIG; (g) TGF-β₁; (h) TGF-β₂; (i) TGF-β₃; (j) HGF; (k) IL-15; (l) IL-6. Results are presented as the means + SEM. NS: not significant. (*) p < 0.05 and (**) p < 0.01, Mann–Whitney t-test. Dotted blue lines represent the upper normal values for healthy individuals according to the manufacturers of the BioPlex Pro-human Cytokine kits, measured in 66 healthy donors. Dotted green lines represent the upper normal values for healthy individuals measured in the 17 healthy donors of our control cohort.