Table 2.
Cytokine levels in MPN patients.
| Molecules (pg/mL) | HD n = 17 |
All MPNs n = 75 |
PV n = 27 |
ET n = 39 |
PMF n = 9 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Med. | (Range) | Med. | (Range) | Med. | Range | Med. | (Range) | Med. | (Range) | |
| Markers of poor prognosis in MPNs | ||||||||||
| sIL-2Rα | 69.8 | (0.0–162) | 295.9 | (30.3–1438) | 287.2 | (39.5–1129) | 275.6 | (30.3–1438) | 382.6 | (205–601) |
| IL-8 | 15.4 | (3.0–43.1) | 80.2 | (2.4–40,808) | 54.1 | (2.4–2804) | 85.5 | (14.4–40,808) | 120.4 | (13.8–5093) |
| IL-12p70 | 13.4 | (1.4–277) | 78.0 | (0.0–789) | 76.3 | (0.0–378) | 86.2 | (0.0–789) | 81.8 | (0.0–303) |
| IL-15 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–94.4) | 0.0 | (0.0–55.7) | 0.0 | (0.0–90.9) | 0.0 | (0.0–94.4) |
| GM-CSF | 0.0 | (0.0–2.11) | 0.0 | (0.0–382) | 0.0 | (0.0–156) | 0.0 | (0.0–266) | 0.0 | (0.0–382) |
| MIP-1β | 310.3 | (1.34–727) | 612.7 | (0.0–3362) | 448.1 | (0.0–2802) | 701.6 | (1.7–3362) | 714.2 | (292–3199) |
| Anti-inflammation | ||||||||||
| IL-4 | 3.6 | (0.0–5.1) | 20.2 | (0.0–45.1) | 13.8 | (0.0–35.8) | 26.9 | (0.2–45.1) | 21.3 | (8.1–40.7) |
| IL-10 | 0.0 | (0.0–166) | 15.8 | (0.0–152) | 24.8 | (0.0–103) | 1.5 | (0.0–152) | 22.6 | (0.0–86.3) |
| HGF | 302.6 | (125–471) | 837.4 | (166–18,303) | 815.0 | (165–18,303) | 815.6 | (286–9302) | 1158 | (600–3778) |
| Pro-inflammation | ||||||||||
| TNF-α | 29.7 | (25.7–38.7) | 78.9 | (0.0–294) | 88.4 | (0.0–294) | 69.2 | (0.0–259) | 105.0 | (0.0–191) |
| IL-1β | 1.0 | (0.0–9.4) | 6.2 | (0.5–42.5) | 7.4 | (1.0–25.8) | 5.8 | (0.5–42.5) | 4.8 | (1.3–19.2) |
| IL-1Rα | 96.9 | (13.5–222) | 605.0 | (87.6–6884) | 966.3 | (105.2–5284) | 500.8 | (87.6–6884) | 480.3 | (193.2–2570) |
| IL-2 | 0.0 | (0.0–3.42) | 0.0 | (0.0–152) | 0.0 | (0.0–59.9) | 0.0 | (0.0–115) | 0.0 | (0.0–152) |
| IL-6 | 0.8 | (0.0–7.6) | 16.9 | (0.0–623) | 16.7 | (0.0–49.9) | 15.9 | (0.0–623) | 25.8 | (10.4–52.8) |
| IL-7 | 0.0 | (0.0–10.6) | 31.9 | (0.0–190) | 30.2 | (0.0–89.7) | 33.7 | (0.0–190) | 33.9 | (5.0–69.7) |
| IL-9 | 53.2 | (42.6–198.7) | 122.0 | (0.0–962) | 96.9 | (0.0–289) | 141.6 | (29.0–409) | 112.0 | (38.5–962) |
| IL-11 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.1) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.1) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) |
| IL-13 | 1.2 | (0.0–6.49) | 5.7 | (0.0–83.6) | 16.1 | (0.0–42.3) | 1.1 | (0.0–65.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–83.6) |
| IL-17 | 124.1 | (0.0–255) | 575.0 | (0.0–1240) | 529.0 | (0.0–968) | 648.2 | (0.0–1240) | 371.3 | (0.0–1089) |
| IL-22 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) |
| IL-23 | 0.0 | (0.0–2.8) | 0.0 | (0.0–6.2) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–6.2) | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) |
| IL-26 | 0.0 | (0.0–1.71) | 3.2 | (0.0–195) | 0.0 | (0.0–7.1) | 4.9 | (0.0–195) | 5.2 | (0.0–46.4) |
| IL-33 | 0.27 | (0.0–3.46) | 0.0 | (0.0–11.1) | 0.0 | (0.0–11.1) | 0.0 | (0.0–5.8) | 0.0 | (0.0–7.6) |
| IFN-α2 | 0.0 | (0.0–2.9) | 110.5 | (0.0–225) | 115.9 | (0.0–225) | 106.6 | (0.0–182) | 93.3 | (3.1–170) |
| IFN-γ | 17.2 | (2.0–34.7) | 143.8 | (0.0–689) | 156.5 | (0.0–690) | 147.0 | (0.0–509) | 129.3 | (0.0–498) |
| IP-10 | 626.2 | (298–1528) | 847.6 | (0.0–26,760) | 1161 | (0.0–26,760) | 721.4 | (189–2935) | 847.6 | (442–3613) |
| Eotaxin | 111.5 | (44.2–319) | 146.5 | (6.1–646) | 141.7 | (6.1–491) | 169.3 | (19.4–646) | 143.4 | (28.0–2623) |
| FGF basic | 38.5 | (0.0–332) | 121.2 | (0.0–567) | 128.6 | (0.0–405) | 121.2 | (0.0–567) | 111.3 | (0.0–332) |
| Leptin | 2206 | (584–10,200) | 2713 | (463–36,254) | 2449 | (552–22,567) | 2.84 | (2840–2816) | 1781 | (733–4489) |
| MCP-1 | 0.0 | (0.0–123) | 0.0 | (0.0–1524) | 0.0 | (0.0–197) | 0.0 | (0.0–1524) | 0.0 | (0.0–1211) |
| MIG | 325.3 | (211–1193) | 699.7 | (0.0–5878) | 477.3 | (0.0–2820) | 777.8 | (312–5605) | 1059 | (516–5878) |
| MIP-1α | 5.0 | (1.0–615) | 13.4 | (0.0–848) | 13.7 | (0.0–848) | 13.2 | (0.0–620) | 10.1 | (0.0–18.2) |
| PDGF-BB | 464 | (34.1–666) | 418.2 | (25.8–6263) | 350.3 | (25.8–2181) | 603.7 | (41.4–6263) | 232.1 | (34.9–1107) |
| RANTES | 13,592 | (3108–25,751) | 12,342 | (724–66,241) | 11,132 | (724–48,946) | 14,943 | (3372–66,241) | 18,805 | (2451–33,031) |
| SDF-1α | 750 | (610–970) | 1093 | (0.0–1769) | 1093 | (0.0–1602) | 1106 | (540–1769) | 1,03 | (360–1416) |
| VEGF | 0.0 | (0.0–144) | 147.6 | (0.0–4605) | 124.3 | (0.0–1443) | 174.7 | (0.0–4605) | 280.0 | (0.0–880) |
| Other hematopoietic growth factors | ||||||||||
| IL-5 | 0.0 | (0.0–16.8) | 13.8 | (0.0–84.6) | 17.8 | (0.0–84.6) | 13.0 | (0.0–60.9) | 18.6 | (0.0–49.3) |
| G-CSF | 12.2 | (0.0–16.8) | 123.1 | (0.0–265) | 123.1 | (0.0–265) | 122.8 | (0.0–212) | 156.6 | (38.7–218) |
| LIF | 0.0 | (0.0–4.52) | 41.5 | (0.0–299) | 56.1 | (0.0–292) | 27.6 | (0.0–299) | 6.4 | (0.0–275) |
| TGF-β1 | 16,765 | (4928–47,560) | 20,530 | (1355–127,571) | 13,639 | (1355–41,498) | 27,802 | (7782–127,571) | 17,741 | (6566–35,311) |
| TGF-β2 | 2554 | (1512–3078) | 1647 | (439–3386) | 1195 | (439–2983) | 2203 | (996–3386) | 1351 | (1154–2721) |
| TGF-β3 | 441.6 | (300–790) | 659.6 | (0.0–2268) | 577.2 | (0.0–1260) | 772.7 | (275–2268) | 638.2 | (462–1201) |
The median serum levels of 26 cytokines (indicated in blue) were significantly higher for MPN patients (“all MPNs”) than for healthy donors (p < 0.05, Mann–Whitney t-test).