Table 4.
Characteristics of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broiler chickens in Korea.
| Isolates | Farm ID | Provinces | MICs (µg/mL) | bla Gene | PMQR Gene | Non-β Lactam Antibiotic Resistance | Transfer- Ability |
Plasmid Type | Phylogenetic Group | Pulsotype | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XNL | FOX | CAZ | ||||||||||
| A-CF-6 | A | Chungbuk | >8 | 4 | 4 | CTX-M-55 | - | CIP NAL | + | FⅡ | A | P22 |
| C-CF-6 | C | Gyeongbuk | >8 | 8 | 2 | CTX-M-1 | qnrS1 | CHL GEN STR FIS TET SXT | + | I1α, FIB, FⅡ | A | P9 |
| C-CF-8 | C | Gyeongbuk | >8 | 8 | 4 | CTX-M-55 | qnrS1 | CHL FIS | + | I1α, FⅡ | D | P6 |
| E-CF-2 | E | Gyeongbuk | >8 | 32 | 16 | CMY-2 | - | AMC STR FIS TET SXT | - | - | D | P31 |
| E-CF-M-5 | E | Gyeongbuk | >8 | >32 | 16 | CMY-2 | mcr-1 | CHL CIP COL NAL STR FIS TET SXT | + | I1α, FⅡ | D | P32 |
| E-CF-8 | E | Gyeongbuk | 8 | 8 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CHL CIP NAL FIS | + | HI2, Iγ, FⅡ | A | P26 |
| G-CF-M-6 | G | Jeonbuk | >8 | >32 | >16 | CMY-2 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS TET SXT | + | I1α | A | P34 |
| I-CF-1 | I | Jeonbuk | >8 | 2 | 4 | CTX-M-55 | qnrS1 | TET | + | FⅡ | B1 | P7 |
| I-CF-M-2 | I | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CIP GEN NAL | - | - | A | P2 |
| I-CF-5 | I | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CIP GEN NAL | - | - | A | P1 |
| I-CF-M-7 | I | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CIP GEN NAL | - | - | A | P2 |
| I-CF-M-8 | I | Jeonbuk | >8 | 2 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CIP GEN NAL | - | - | A | P1 |
| K-CF-M-1 | K | Jeonbuk | >8 | >32 | >16 | CMY-2 | - | CHL CIP NAL TET | + | I1α, FIB, FⅡ | D | ND |
| K-CF-7 | K | Jeonbuk | >8 | 32 | 16 | CMY-2 | - | CIP NAL | - | - | D | ND |
| M-CF-M-3 | M | Jeonnam | >8 | 8 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | - | CIP NAL | - | - | B1 | ND |
| N-CF-5 | N | Chungbuk | >8 | >32 | 16 | CTX-M-55, CMY-2 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS | + | K, X4 | D | P27 |
| O-CF-4 | O | Gyeongbuk | >8 | 4 | 2 | CTX-M-1 | - | NAL FIS TET | + | I1α | A | P10 |
| P-CF-M-2 | P | Gyeongbuk | >8 | 8 | 4 | CTX-M-55 | - | CIP NAL | + | FⅡ | A | P20 |
| P-CF-9 | P | Gyeongbuk | >8 | 2 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CIP GEN NAL TET | - | - | A | P4 |
| T-CF-M-3 | T | Chungbuk | >8 | 4 | 2 | CTX-M-1 | - | CHL CIP NAL FIS TET | + | I1α | B1 | P21 |
| V-CF-M-2 | V | Jeonnam | >8 | 4 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS TET | - | B1 | P11 | |
| W-CF-M-5 | W | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | - | CIP GEN NAL TET | + | I1-α, FIB, FⅡ | D | P24 |
| W-CF-6 | W | Jeonbuk | >8 | 8 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL TET | + | FⅡ | B1 | P14 |
| W-CF-M-10 | W | Jeonbuk | >8 | 32 | >16 | CTX-M-55, CMY-2 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS TET SXT | - | B1 | P25 | |
| Y-CF-4 | Y | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | qnrS1 | TET | + | FⅡ | B1 | P5 |
| Z-CF-M-1 | Z | Chungnam | 8 | >32 | 8 | CMY-2 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS TET | + | K | B1 | P29 |
| Z-CF-7 | Z | Chungnam | >8 | 4 | 2 | CTX-M-1 | - | CIP NAL TET | - | B1 | P28 | |
| AA-CF-M-2 | AA | Chungnam | >8 | 4 | 4 | CTX-M-55 | - | CIP NAL | + | FIB, FⅡ | B1 | P23 |
| AB-CF-M-1 | AB | Jeonbuk | >8 | >32 | 16 | CMY-2 | - | CHL CIP NALSTR FIS TET | + | I1α | D | P33 |
| AC-CF-2 | AC | Jeonbuk | >8 | 32 | >16 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL FIS TET | - | B1 | P13 | |
| AC-CF-M-3 | AC | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | 4 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS SXT | + | FⅡ | A | P15 |
| AC-CF-M-5 | AC | Jeonbuk | >8 | 8 | 16 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL FIS TET | - | B1 | P13 | |
| AC-CF-10 | AC | Jeonbuk | >8 | 2 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CIP GEN NAL | - | A | P3 | |
| AD-CF-M-2 | AD | Gyeonggi | 8 | 8 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CHL CIP GEN NAL FIS TET SXT | + | HI2, I1α | B1 | P18 |
| AD-CF-8 | AD | Gyeonggi | 8 | 16 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CHL CIP GEN NAL STR FIS TET | + | HI2 | B1 | P16 |
| AD-CF-M-10 | AD | Gyeonggi | >8 | 4 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS TET SXT | - | A | P8 | |
| AE-CF-M-1 | AE | Jeonnam | >8 | >32 | 16 | CMY-2 | - | CHL CIP GEN NAL STR FIS TET SXT | + | I1α | B1 | P30 |
| AE-CF-4 | AE | Jeonnam | >8 | 2 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CIP GEN NAL | - | A | P3 | |
| AE-CF-M-9 | AE | Jeonnam | >8 | 8 | ≤1 | CTX-M-65 | qnrS2, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | CHL CIP GEN NAL STR FIS TET SXT | - | B1 | P12 | |
| AE-CF-M-10 | AE | Jeonnam | >8 | 8 | 2 | CTX-M-65 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | CHL CIP GEN NAL STR FIS TET SXT | - | B1 | P12 | |
| AF-CF-M-1 | AF | Jeonbuk | 8 | 4 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CHL CIP GEN NAL FIS TET SXT | + | HI2 | B1 | ND |
| AF-CF-M-4 | AF | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | ≤1 | CTX-M-14 | - | CHL CIP GEN NAL FIS TET | + | HI2 | B1 | ND |
| AG-CF-M-4 | AG | Jeonbuk | >8 | 8 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS TET SXT | + | FⅡ | A | P19 |
| AG-CF-6 | AG | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS TET SXT | + | FⅡ | A | P19 |
| AG-CF-M-9 | AG | Jeonbuk | >8 | 8 | 8 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL CIP NAL STR FIS TET SXT | + | FⅡ | A | P19 |
| AG-CF-M-10 | AG | Jeonbuk | >8 | 4 | 4 | CTX-M-55 | - | CHL STR FIS TET | + | I1α, FⅡ | B1 | P17 |
AMC, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; CAZ, Ceftazidime; CHL, chloramphenicol; CIP, ciprofloxacin; COL, colistin; FOX, cefoxitin; GEN, gentamicin; NAL, nalidixic acid; STR, streptomycin; FIS, sulfisoxazole; TET, tetracycline; SXT, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; XNL, ceftiofur. PMQR, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Xbal macrorestriction analysis yielded no DNA banding patterns in five E. coli isolates due to constant autodigestion of the genomic DNA, and thus, a cluster formed by this strain is excluded (ND, not determined). The underlined resistance markers were transferred to the recipient E. coli J53 strain by conjugation.