Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics of critically ill COVID–19 patients with ARDS.
| Variables | Early Intubation (n = 23) |
Initially Nonintubated (n = 24) | p Value a | Late Intubation (n = 16) | p Value b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 72 (64–76) | 69 (60–78) | 0.655 | 66 (59–77) | 0.475 |
| Male | 14 (60.9) | 14 (58.3) | 0.859 | 10 (62.5) | 0.918 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.8 (21.0–26.7) | 25.6 (22.5–27.1) | 0.167 | 25.1 (22.7–27.3) | 0.241 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Any comorbidities | 16 (69.6) | 19 (79.2) | 0.450 | 13 (81.2) | 0.480 |
| Hypertension | 10 (43.5) | 11 (45.8) | 0.871 | 8 (50) | 0.688 |
| Diabetes | 10 (43.5) | 8 (33.3) | 0.474 | 7 (43.8) | 0.987 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (4.3) | 2 (8.3) | >0.999 | 2 (12.5) | 0.557 |
| Dementia | 2 (8.7) | 3 (12.5) | >0.999 | 1 (6.2) | >0.999 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0 (0) | 2 (8.3) | 0.489 | 1 (6.2) | 0.410 |
| Malignancy | 2 (8.7) | 4 (16.7) | 0.666 | 4 (25) | 0.205 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 (17.4) | 4 (16.7) | >0.999 | 2 (12.5) | >0.999 |
| Chronic lung disease | 3 (13.0) | 1 (4.2) | 0.348 | 1 (6.2) | 0.631 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (4.3) | 2 (8.3) | >0.999 | 0 (0) | >0.999 |
| Duration of symptoms before admission, days | 7 (5–11) | 5 (4–12) | 0.280 | 5 (3–10) | 0.143 |
| Presenting symptoms | |||||
| Fever | 18 (78.3) | 16 (66.7) | 0.374 | 9 (56.2) | 0.174 |
| Dyspnea | 19 (82.6) | 17 (70.8) | 0.341 | 12 (75) | 0.694 |
| Cough | 12 (52.2) | 14 (58.3) | 0.671 | 8 (50) | 0.894 |
| Sputum | 10 (43.5) | 10 (41.7) | 0.900 | 6 (37.5) | 0.709 |
| Myalgia | 5 (21.7) | 5 (20.8) | >0.999 | 4 (25) | >0.999 |
| Fatigue | 3 (13.0) | 7 (29.2) | 0.286 | 6 (37.5) | 0.123 |
| Diarrhea | 2 (8.7) | 5 (20.8) | 0.416 | 2 (12.5) | >0.999 |
| Vital signs at the time of ICU admission | |||||
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 93 (90–107) | 93 (86–102) | 0.539 | 93 (86–97) | 0.388 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 85 (76–124) | 88 (80–100) | 0.915 | 92 (74–100) | 0.808 |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 28 (22–34) | 21 (20–26) | 0.007 | 21 (20–29) | 0.057 |
| Body temperature, ℃ | 37.3 (36.4–37.8) | 36.8 (36.5–37.4) | 0.781 | 36.9 (36.6–37.4) | 0.863 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). a Comparison between the early intubation and initially non-intubated groups. b Comparison between the early and late intubation groups. Abbreviation: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICU, intensive care unit.