Table 2.
Association between C-peptide and risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes in 5176 participants of the PREVEND study *.
| Sex Specific Tertiles of Plasma C-Peptide, pmol/L | C-Peptide Per Log2 Unit Increase | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | <642 | 642–890 | >890 | p value | ||
| Female | <592 1 |
592–803 2 |
>803 3 |
|||
| Cases | 19 | 57 | 213 | 289 | ||
| Person-years | 11,860 | 11,643 | 10,756 | 34,260 | <0.001 | |
| Crude analysis | 1.00 (ref) | 3.05 (1.81–5.13) | 12.45 (7.78–19.91) | 6.09 (5.05–7.36) | <0.001 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 2.83 (1.68–4.77) | 10.77 (6.69–17.33) | 5.47 (4.48–6.68) | <0.001 | |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 2.78 (1.65–4.68) | 10.41 (4.46–16.75) | 5.38 (4.35–6.51) | <0.001 | |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (ref) | 2.16 (1.28–3.66) | 5.21 (3.15–8.61) | 3.47 (2.72–4.43) | <0.001 | |
| Model 4 | 1.00 (ref) | 2.01 (1.16–3.50) | 3.97 (2.30–6.85) | 2.90 (2.20–3.80) | <0.001 | |
| Model 5 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.93 (1.1–3.37) | 3.75 (2.16–6.52) | 3.26 (2.42–4.36) | <0.001 | |
| Model 6 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.65 (0.94–2.89) | 2.40 (1.32–4.36) | 2.35 (1.49–3.70) | <0.001 | |
* HRs (95% CIs) were derived from design-based Cox proportional hazard models. Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex; model 2 is additionally adjusted for smoking status and alcohol consumption; model 3 is additionally adjusted for BMI, family history of diabetes, and hypertension; model 4 is additionally adjusted for triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol; model 5 is additionally adjusted for eGFR and urinary albumin excretion; model 6 is additionally adjusted for glucose and insulin. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; PREVEND: Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease.