Figure 1.

Interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α effects in proliferation are dependent on IL-6 production. Bar chart shows the effect of control (black), IL-1β (gray), and TNF-α (dark gray) on myoblast IL-6 production and proliferation. (A) IL-1β and TNF-α significantly increased IL-6 release. (B) IL-1β and TNF-α significantly increased the incorporation of BrdU, which was reduced with IL-6Rα blocking. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and **** p < 0.0001 vs. control from unpaired t-test; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 and ^### p < 0.001 vs. IL-1β and TNF-α both from unpaired t-test).