Figure 2.

IL-1β induces the release of prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression. Bar charts represent effects of control (black), IL-1β (gray), and TNF-α (dark gray) on the release of prostaglandins and on COX-2 expression. (A) IL-1β positive effect on prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and (B) PGD₂ release. (C) Representative blotting of COX-2 protein expression. (D) Relative COX-2 protein expression was increased by IL-1β treatment. (E) mRNA levels of the Cox2 gene were also increased by IL-1β. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (* p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 from unpaired t-test).