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IL-1β and TNF-α modulate myokines release. Bar charts illustrate the release of myokines (A) Myostatin, (B) Irisin, (C) Osteonectin, and (D) IL-15. Both IL-1β (gray) and TNF-α (dark gray) reduced the release of osteonectin and irisin, and they increased the release of IL-15 in comparison with control (black). Release of myostatin was not affected by TNF-α. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control from unpaired t-test).
