BBB	Blood–brain barrier
CNS	Central nervous system
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
CXCL1	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1
ECs	Endothelial cells
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
EPHA2	Ephrin type A receptor 2
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
GA-MSCs	Glioma-associated (GA) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
GBM	Glioblastoma multiforme
GDEs	GSC-derived exosomes
GSCs	Glioma stem-like cells
HB-EGF	Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor
hBMSCs	human bone marrow MSCs
HBMVECs	human brain microvascular endothelial cells
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-8	Interleukin-8
MCP3	Monocyte-chemotactic protein 3
miRNAs	microRNAs
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinases
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
MVs	Microvesicles
MVBs	Multivesicular bodies
NSCs	Neural stem cells
NRP1	Neuropilin
ncRNAs	noncoding RNAs
PD-1	Programmed cell death-1
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
plxA1	PlexinA1
rGBM	Recurrent GBM
Sema	Semaphorins
Sema3A	Semaphorin3A
Sema3C	Semapahorin3C
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TAMs	Tumor-associated macrophages
TF	Tissue factor
TIMP-1	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1
TIMP-2	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2
TME	Tumor microenvironment
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR2	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2