Table 1.
Characteristics of Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) and Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV).
| KFDV | AHFV | |
|---|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | India | Saudi Arabia and Egypt |
| First outbreak | 1957 | 1995 |
| Tick vector | Haemophysalis spinigera | Ornithodoros savignyi |
| Mode of transmission | Tick bite, encounter with dead or dying monkeys | Tick bite, contact with animal fluids such as milk or blood |
| Natural hosts | Black-faced langur, Red-faced bonnet macaque, rodents, shrews, birds | Unknown |
| Animal models | Bonnet macaques, mice | Mice |
| Vaccine | Formalin-inactivated virus | None |
| Human-to-human transmission | Unknown | Unknown |
| Case fatality rate | 3–5% | 1–20% |