Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at Baseline, Expressed as Mean (Standard Deviation) Unless Otherwise Specified
| Whole sample N=16,089 | Black n=2,249 | Hispanic n=1,435 | White n=12,385 | aSignificant group differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Memory (z-score composite) | 0.00 (0.94) | −0.31 (0.95) | −0.28 (0.90) | 0.09 (0.93) | W>H=B |
| Age (51–104) | 68.44 (10.15) | 66.91 (9.84) | 65.93 (9.76) | 69.00 (10.18) | W>B>H |
| Gender (% women) | 59.20 | 65.10 | 61.30 | 57.90 | B>H>W |
| Education (0–17) | 12.47 (3.20) | 11.60 (3.30) | 8.86 (4.57) | 13.04 (2.62) | W>B>H |
| Wealth (ten thousands) | 52.26 (132.33) | 15.46 (40.34) | 19.50 (36.94) | 62.74 (147.60) | W>H=B |
| Chronic disease burden (0–6) | 1.81 (1.25) | 2.02 (1.26) | 1.61 (1.21) | 1.80 (1.25) | B>W>H |
| Stroke (% yes) | 7.90 | 10.40 | 4.70 | 7.90 | B>H>W |
| Depressive symptoms (0–8) | 1.52 (2.00) | 1.87 (2.08) | 2.26 (2.45) | 1.37 (1.90) | H>B>W |
| Social participation (0–5) | 1.72 (1.71) | 1.94 (1.80) | 1.46 (1.77) | 1.71 (1.69) | B>W>H |
| Private prayer (0–7) | 5.14 (2.31) | 6.18 (1.48) | 5.64 (1.88) | 4.92 (2.40) | B>H>W |
| Religious attendance (0–4) | 1.90 (1.44) | 2.42 (1.34) | 2.05 (1.36) | 1.79 (1.44) | B>H>W |
| Religious belief (1–6) | 5.00 (1.38) | 5.49 (1.07) | 5.33 (1.06) | 4.89 (1.43) | B=H>W |
Note. B = Black; H = Hispanic; W = White.
a
Comparisons using ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni (p < 0.006) and chi square (p < 0.05) tests