Table 1.

Effects of melatonin, vitamin E and D in diabetic rats.

Group	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5	G6	G7	G8	G9	G10	G11	G12
FBS (mg/dl)	98.3 ± 8.2	113 ± 23.7	126∗ ± 11.2	125∗ ± 14.9	146∗ ± 7.2	146∗ ± 9.1	143∗ ± 9.9	144∗ ± 6.0	148∗ ± 2.3	143∗ ± 6.7	148∗ ± 0.7	130∗ ± 16.4
HbA1c (%)	4.1 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.6	4.8∗ ± 1.1	4.6∗ ± 0.5	4.8∗ ± 0.6	4.9∗ ± 0.5	4.6∗ ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.01	4.2 ± 0.6
Fructosamine (mmol/l)	0.49 ± 0.04	0.46 ± 0.2	0.7∗ ± 0.2	0.87∗ ± 0.2	0.9∗ ± 0.3	1.16 ± 0.4	1.0∗ ± 0.3	0.95∗ ± 0.2	0.75 ± 0.4	0.9∗ ± 0.3	0.9∗ ± 0.01	0.7∗ ± 0.1
TAC (ng/ml)	7.25 ± 0.4	7.92∗ ± 0.6	7.23 ± 0.4	7.19 ± 0.6	7.43 ± 0.3	7.43 ± 0.8	7.8∗ ± 0.5	7.8∗ ± 0.4	7.2 ± 0.2	8.1∗ ± 0.5	8.7∗ ± 0.4	7.7 ± 0.8
Ox-LDL (ng/ml)	48.1 ± 3.1	63.1 ± 16.1	49.2 ± 5.6	52.5 ± 9.5	61.1 ± 15.3	54 ± 6.7	46.9 ± 2.8	49.7 ± 4.6	54.8 ± 5.6	45 ± 3.6	52.5 ± 2.1	45.7 ± 4.7
Homocysteine (nmol/ml)	13.9 ± 1.6	14.4 ± 1.9	13.4 ± 1.9	12.5 ± 2.2	14.2 ± 3.4	15.1 ± 4.1	14.8 ± 2.5	15.1 ± 6.2	13.5 ± 2.96	13.2 ± 4.9	11∗ ± 2.8	13 ± 2.1
TNF-α (pg/ml)	20.3 ± 3.2	33.6∗ ± 6.1	12.7∗ ± 3.1	16.3∗ ± 2.96	9.3∗ ± 5.1	13.9∗ ± 4.2	8.8∗ ± 5.5	11.1∗ ± 7.9	12.0∗ ± 4.1	10.0∗ ± 1.7	7.0∗ ± 0.1	7.0∗ ± 2.7
Albumin (g/dl)	4.58 ± 0.3	4.85 ± 1.3	4.62 ± 0.3	4.38 ± 0.2	4.6 ± 0.6	4.74 ± 0.4	4.67 ± 0.4	4.34 ± 0.2	4.28 ± 0.2	4.81 ± 0.4	4.01 ± 0.6	3.56 ± 0.3
BUN (mmol/l)	6.96 ± 0.95	7.0 ± 0.4	6.46 ± 1.3	7.0 ± 1.3	8.1 ± 1.6	8.9 ± 2.5	9.86 ± 3.4	10.4 ± 4.0	13.8∗ ± 2.9	6.9 ± 0.6	8.5 ± 0.3	4.73∗ ± 0.9
Uric Acid (μmol/l)	85 ± 24.4	86 ± 35.1	74.2 ± 41.5	57∗ ± 8.5	78.6 ± 32.5	91.2 ± 62.1	85.2 ± 25.9	75.8 ± 34.2	79.4 ± 29.9	56 ± 7.0	62.5 ± 14.9	76.3 ± 2.3
Creatinine (μmol/l)	17.4 ± 4.0	25.8 ± 8.0	18.2 ± 7.4	17.6 ± 1.7	24.6∗ ± 3.7	28.6∗ ± 8.1	25.6∗ ± 6.9	27∗ ± 5.8	30∗ ± 3.2	19.7 ± 0.6	26∗ ± 1.4	24∗ ± 2.0
Bun/Creatinine ratio	0.43 ± 0.15	0.29 ± 0.07	0.39 ± 0.12	0.39 ± 0.07	0.33 ± 0.06	0.32 ± 0.09	0.38 ± 0.07	0.39 ± 0.15	0.46 ± 0.10	0.35 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.01	0.2∗ ± 0.06

∗ indicates P < 0.05 as compared to G1. The values are represented as mean ± SD.