Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of T2D patients with albuminuricand non-albumiuric CKD patterns
| Parameter | CKD− | NA-CKD | A-CKD− | A-CKD+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 |
| Sex, M/F, n | 12/21 | 12/21 | 12/20 | 12/20 |
| Age, years | 64 (58; 69) | 65 (58; 67) | 63 (57; 67) | 65 (58; 69.5) |
| Smokers, n (%) | 3 (9.1%) | 5 (15.1%) | 4 (12.5%) | 3 (9.4%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.4 (28.1; 36.9) | 34.7 (30.1; 38.9) | 33.8 (31.2; 40.0) | 32.9 (30.3; 36.7) |
| WHR | 0.97 (0.93; 1.1) | 1.02 (0.9; 1.1) | 1.00 (0.93; 1.1) | 1.00 (0.91; 1.07) |
| Diabetes duration, years | 13 (11; 16) | 14 (12; 19) | 13.5 (11; 17) | 13.5 (11; 17.5) |
| Diabetic complications and associated diseases | ||||
| Obesity, n (%) | 21 (63.6%) | 24 (72.7%) | 25 (78.2%) | 26 (81.3%) |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 17 (51.5%) | 17 (51.5%) | 20 (62.5%) | 21 (65.6%) |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 31 (93.9%) | 33 (100%) | 31 (96.9%) | 32 (100%) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 13 (39.4%) | 16 (48.5%) | 16 (50.0%) | 18 (56.2%) |
| Myocardial infarction in anamnesis, n (%) | 4 (12.1) | 7 (21.2%) | 5 (15.6%) | 10 (31.3%) |
| Cerebrovascular event in anamnesis, n (%) | 1 (3.0%) | 6 (18.2%) | 3 (9.4%) | 2 (6.3%) |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 17 (51.5%) | 22 (66.7%) | 20 (62.5%) | 23 (71.9%) |
| Treatment | ||||
| Metformin, n (%) | 26 (78.8%) | 20 (60.6%) | 23 (71.9%) | 20 (62.5%) |
| Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 8 (24.2%) | 15 (45.5%) | 12 (37.5%) | 9 (28.1%) |
| Insulin, n (%) | 21 (63.6%) | 22 (66.7%) | 21 (65.6%) | 26 (81.3%) |
| RAS blockers, n (%) | 33 (100%) | 27 (81.8%) | 26 (81.3%) | 27 (84.4%) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 12 (36.4%) | 17 (51.5%) | 16 (50.0%) | 17 (53.1%) |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 8 (24.2%) | 16 (48.5%) | 10 (31.3%) | 14 (43.8%) |
| Antiplatelet agents, n (%) | 21 (63.6%) | 27 (81.8%) | 19 (59.4%) | 24 (75.0%) |
| Statins, n (%) | 13 (39.4%) | 23 (69.7%) | 7 (21.9%) ### | 17 (53.1%) |
Continuous data are presented as medians (lower quartile; upper quartile), frequencies are presented as number of patient (percentage in a group), ### p <0.001 vs. NA-CKD, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney test, Holm’s step-down procedure. CKD−: The group of individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) <3.0 mg/mmol; NA-CKD: Non-albuminuric chronic kidney disease, the group of individuals with eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and UACR <3.0 mg/mmol; A-CKD−: Group of patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and UACR ≥3.0 mg/mmol; A-CKD+: Group of individuals with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and UACR ≥3.0 mg/mmol.