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. 2020 Sep 1;9(9):2013. doi: 10.3390/cells9092013

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The levels of autophagy and OCR in irinotecan-resistant (R) cancer cells are increased compared with those in the wild-type control cells. (A) Autophagy levels were analyzed using Cyto-ID autophagy detection dye in irinotecan-resistant cancer cell lines compared with the wild-type counterpart (n = 3). (B) OCR and respiration parameters were measured by XFe96 extracellular flux analysis. OCR and ATP production were compared between irinotecan-resistant cancer cell lines and the wild-type counterparts (n = 3). (C) Levels of mitochondrial OxPhos complexes were analyzed by immunoblotting of wild-type and irinotecan-resistant lines of SNU-638 and MIA PaCa-2. (D) The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by staining with TMRE in SNU-638, MIA PaCa-2, and their irinotecan-resistant lines (n = 3). Error bars represent the mean + s.d. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. n.s., no significant difference. P values were analyzed by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test.