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. 2020 Aug 3;8(3):433. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030433

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cytokine production by mouse-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in response to the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and LNP-cytosine–phosphate–guanine (LNP-CpG) in vitro. Mouse-derived DCs were treated with the LNP (13.3 or 4.4 μg lipid/mL) or LNP-CpG (13.3 μg lipid with 1.0 μg CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)/mL or 4.4 μg lipid with 0.33 μg CpG ODN/mL) for 24 h in vitro. (a) Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12 p40, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-α in the supernatants were measured by using ELISA. (b) Expression levels of CD80 and CD86 on DCs were measured by flow cytometry; percentages of positive DCs are shown. (a,b) n = 5 per group. Data are means ± SD. **** p < 0.0001, as indicated by Tukey’s test.