Table 9.

Summary of selected applications of micro- and nanocellulose-based scaffolds.

Material	Application & Advantages	Reference
Collagen/oxidized MCC	Microcellulose improved the haemostasis of the scaffolds without affecting its cytotoxicity.	[220]
MFC/gelatine nanocomposite films	Improved strength and flexibility of the films, which could be used in drug delivery.	[221]
Micro-Nano structures of cellulose-collagen	Significantly enhanced the uniform and distribution of cells, with good mechanical properties, may serve as an alternative material platform for bone regeneration.	[222]
MFC/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel	The strength, porosity and the work of fracture increased, providing a promising platform for tissue engineering scaffold.	[223]
Alginate/CNF scaffold	Use in tissue engineering. CNF enhances mechanical properties and makes it possible to tailored porosity and swelling behaviour.	[224]
Collagen/CNF hydrogel scaffold	The addition of CNF to collagen scaffold improved its mechanical properties with no effect on cell viability.	[225]
PLA/CNF composite membrane	CNF improved the crystalline ability of the membrane, thermal stability and mechanical properties. Hydrophilicity was also increased.	[226]
NCC/gelatine/hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel	NCC enhanced rheology and swelling results and the other properties. The cells attached, grew, and proliferated better than the control, giving the composite a great potential for the skin wound repair.	[157]
Double crosslinking CNF hydrogel scaffolds	Wound healing and tissue repair. Increase in the rigidity of scaffold enhances cell proliferation.	[149]