Table 1.
Summary of included studies related to interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC).
| Cytokine Biomarker | Matrix | Validation Methods | Biological Sample | Results | p Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-8 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 13) OSCC (n = 13) |
Salivary IL-8 levels were significantly elevated in OSCC patients compared to the control group. | <0.001 | [18] |
| IL-6 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 13) OSCC (n = 13) |
Salivary IL-6 levels were significantly higher compared to the control group. | <0.001 | [18] |
| IL-6 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 20) OSCC (n = 19) |
Elevated levels of IL-6 were identified in the OSCC group. | <0.05 | [49] |
| IL-8 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 20) OSCC (n = 19) |
High level of IL-8 were identified in the OSCC group. | <0.05 | [49] |
| IL-6 | Saliva Serum | ELISA | Control (n = 20) OSCC (n = 30) |
Significant difference was encountered between the salivary and serum IL-6 levels in the OSCC group and the control one. | <0.001 | [51] |
| IL-8 | Saliva Serum | ELISA | Control (n = 20) OSCC (n = 30) |
Highly significant difference was noted in the IL-8 salivary and serum levels of the OSCC group compared to the control one. | <0.001 | [51] |
| IL-6 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 30) OSCC (n = 30) |
Increased salivary levels of IL-6 were identified in the OSCC group compared to the control one. | <0.001 | [53] |
| IL-8 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 30) OSCC (n = 30) |
Highly significant difference was identified in the IL-8 levels compared to the control one. | <0.0001 | [53] |
| IL-6 | Saliva | Bio-Plex multiplex | Control (n = 21) OSCC (n = 20) |
IL-6 concentration was higher in the OSCC group compared to the control (T0). | 0.005 | [54] |
| IL-8 | Saliva | Bio-Plex multiplex | Control (n = 21) OSCC (n = 20) |
IL-8 concentration was higher in the OSCC group compared to the control one (T0). | 0.004 | [54] |
| IL-6 | Saliva Serum |
ELISA | Control (n = 52) OSCC (n = 52) |
Higher levels of IL-6 before the treatment were associated with the survival rate; higher levels were identified in patients with OSCC compared to the controls. | <0.001 | [55] |
| IL-8 | Saliva Serum |
ELISA | Control (n = 52) OSCC (n = 52) |
IL-8 was identified in higher concentrations in the saliva and serum of patients with OSCC. | 0.010 | [55] |
| IL-6 | Saliva Serum |
Luminex assay ELISA |
Control (n = 9) OSCC (n = 26) |
The IL-6 level was significant higher compared to the age-matched controls. | 0.0002 | [56] |
| IL-8 | Saliva | Luminex assay ELISA |
Control (n = 9) OSCC (n = 26) |
IL-8 had a slightly higher concentration in the OSCC group compared to age-matched controls. | 0.1087 | [56] |
| IL-8 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 60) OSCC (n = 60) |
The concentration of IL-8 was significantly higher in the OSCC group compared to the control. | <0.0001 | [57] |
| IL-6 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 25); OSCC (N = 25) | Salivary IL-6 is significantly elevated in OSCC compared to the healthy control group. | <0.001 | [60] |
| IL-6 | Saliva Serum |
ELISA | Control (n = 100) OSCC (n = 100) |
Salivary and serum IL-6 are significantly elevated in OSCC compared with healthy control group. | <0.05 | [61] |
| IL-8 | Saliva | ELISA | Control (n = 25); OSCC (n = 25) | Salivary IL-8 is significantly elevated in the OSCC group compared with the healthy control group. | <0.0001 | [62] |
| IL-8 | Saliva Serum |
ELISA | Control (n = 100) OSCC (n = 100) |
Salivary IL-8 is significantly elevated in the OSCC group, and serum IL-8 is also significantly elevated in OSCC compared with controls. | <0.05 | [63] |
| IL-8 | Saliva | Luminex ELISA |
Control (n = 20) OSCC (n = 20) Control (n = 42) OSCC (n = 40) |
IL-8 may be used as individual markers of OSCC. IL-8 was expressed at significantly higher levels in OSCC subjects than in the healthy controls. | <0.098 | [64] |