Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review.
| Author | Country | Diagnosis of GERD | Assessment of | Range of | Duration | PPI | Allocation | Patients | Age | Gender |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | reflux symptoms | symptom score | (weeks) | (dose/day) | number | ±SD | M/F | |||
| Madan | India | GERD symptoms >2/week | Multiplying the scores for severity | 0–18 | 8 | Pantoprazole | PPI | 33 | 34.7 ± 10.8 | 19/14 |
| 2004 | Screening endoscopy | (0–3) and frequency (0–3) for 2 items | 80 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 28 | 36.5 ± 12.8 | 21/7 | |||
| Hsu | Taiwan | GERD symptoms | FSSG; sum of | 0–48 | 4 | Lansoprazole | PPI | 46 | 47 ± 8.9 | 25/21 |
| 2010 | Esophagitis at endoscopy | frequency (0–4) for 12 items | 30 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 50 | 47 ± 14.8 | 23/27 | |||
| Miwa | Japan | GERD symptoms >2/week | Reflux symptoms using 10-cm | 0–10 | 4 | Omeprazole | PPI | 95 | 52.2 ± 15.8 | 35/60 |
| 2011 | No esophagitis at endoscopy | visual analogue scale (VAS) | 10 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 97 | 52.1 ± 16.1 | 37/60 | |||
| Lim | Korea | Typical GERD symptoms | Severity; none (0), mild (1), | 0–3 | 8 | Pantoprazole | PPI | 15 | 55.3 (25–66) * | 10/5 |
| 2013 | Normal gastric emptying scan | moderate (2) or severe (3) | 40 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 15 | 48.5 (20–70) * | 6/9 | |||
| Cho | Korea | GERD symptoms >2/week | Severity; none, mild, moderate, | 1–5 | 4 | Esomeprazole | PPI | 19 | 43 ± 15 | 9/10 |
| 2013 | Endoscopy, 48 h pH monitoring | severe, or very severe | 40 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 24 | 49 ± 16 | 15/9 | |||
| Yamaji | Japan | GERD symptoms >2/week | FSSG; sum of | 0–48 | 4 | Omeprazole | PPI | 28 | 61.7 ± 11.9 | 9/19 |
| 2014 | Screening endoscopy | frequency (0–4) for 12 items | 10 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 22 | 65.0 ± 11.6 | 4/18 | |||
| Lee | Korea | GERD symptoms >2/week | Multiplying the scores for severity | 0–120 | 8 | Esomeprazole | PPI | 53 | 55.8 ± 8.4 | 37/16 |
| 2017 | Esophagitis at endoscopy | (0–4) and frequency (0–5) for 6 items | 40 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 56 | 54.9 ± 11.1 | 34/22 | |||
| Sirina | Thailand | GERD symptoms >2/week | FSSG; sum of | 0–48 | 4 | Omeprazole | PPI | 22 | 53.1 ± 11.9 | 6/16 |
| wasatien | 2019 | Screening endoscopy | frequency (0–4) for 12 items | 20 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 22 | 49.2 ± 13.8 | 7/15 | ||
| Xiao | China | GERD symptoms and cough | RDQ; sum of frequency (0–5) | 0–40 | 12 | Omeprazole | PPI | 45 | 39.9 ± 10.1 | 29/16 |
| 2019 | Screening endoscopy | and severity (0–5) for 4 items | 40 mg | PPI + Mosapride | 45 | 40.6 ± 6.0 | 24/21 |
GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease, FSSG: Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GERD, RDQ: Reflux Disease Questionnaire, PPI: proton pump inhibitor, SD: standard deviation, *: range, M/F; male/female.