Table 1.
Baseline and operative characteristics by AKI and death.
| AKI | Death | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 170) |
No (N = 946) |
p-Value | Yes (N = 8) |
No (N = 1108) |
p-Value | |||||
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 72 | (66–77) | 67 | (58–73) | <0.001 | 73 | (70–80) | 68 | (59–73) | 0.03 |
| Sex (female) | 57 | (33.5) | 223 | (23.6) | 0.007 | 3 | (37.5) | 277 | (25.0) | 0.42 |
| Active smokers | 32 | (18.8) | 198 | (20.9) | 0.61 | 1 | (12.5) | 229 | (20.7) | 1.00 |
| Medication | ||||||||||
| Beta blockers | 109 | (64.1) | 587 | (62.1) | 0.67 | 6 | (75.0) | 690 | (62.3) | 0.72 |
| ACE inhibitors | 91 | (53.5) | 478 | (50.5) | 0.51 | 3 | (37.5) | 566 | (51.1) | 0.50 |
| Cholesterol-lowering drug | 110 | (64.7) | 624 | (66.0) | 0.79 | 6 | (75.0) | 728 | (65.7) | 0.72 |
| Insulin | 21 | (12.4) | 77 | (8.1) | 0.08 | 3 | (37.5) | 95 | (8.6) | 0.03 |
| Aspirin | 128 | (75.3) | 619 | (65.4) | 0.01 | 4 | (50.0) | 743 | (67.1) | 0.45 |
| Clopidogrel | 17 | (10) | 76 | (8.0) | 0.37 | 2 | (25.0) | 91 | (8.2) | 0.14 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Hypertension | 153 | (90.0) | 772 | (81.6) | 0.01 | 6 | (75.0) | 919 | (82.9) | 0.63 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 132 | (77.6) | 706 | (74.6) | 0.39 | 5 | (62.5) | 833 | (75.2) | 0.42 |
| Previous MI | 1 | (12.5) | 315 | (28.4) | 0.45 | |||||
| Congestive heart disease | 43 | (25.3) | 193 | (20.4) | 0.15 | 2 | (25.0) | 234 | (21.1) | 0.68 |
| PAD | 20 | (11.8) | 62 | (6.6) | 0.02 | 2 | (25.0) | 80 | (7.2) | 0.68 |
| COPD | 15 | (8.8) | 80 | (8.5) | 0.88 | 0 | 0 | 95 | (8.6) | 1.00 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 24 | (14.1) | 107 | (11.3) | 0.30 | 1 | (12.5) | 130 | (11.7) | 1.00 |
| IDDM | 56 | (32.9) | 219 | (23.2) | 0.01 | 4 | (50.0) | 271 | (24.5) | 0.11 |
| Laboratory, at baseline | ||||||||||
| Serum creatinine mg/dL | 0.92 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.91 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.66 | 0.99 | (0.73–1.14) | 0.91 | (0.80–1.07) | 0.82 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.6 | (12.5–14.6) | 14.2 | (13.4–14.9) | <0.001 | 13.6 | (12.1–14.4) | 14.1 | (13.2–14.9) | 0.31 |
| EuroSCORE | ||||||||||
| 5 | (3–7) | 4 | (2–6) | <0.001 | 6 | (5–8) | 4 | (2–6) | 0.03 | |
| Type of surgery | ||||||||||
| CABG (alone) | 64 | (37.6) | 434 | (45.9) | 0.26 | 3 | (37.5) | 495 | (44.7) | 0.25 |
| Aortic valve * | 37 | (12.8) | 190 | (20.1) | 2 | (12.5) | 225 | (20.3) | ||
| Mitral valve * | 6 | (3.5) | 32 | (3.4) | 0 | (37.5) | 38 | (3.4) | ||
| Aorta ascendens * | 3 | (1.8) | 30 | (3.2) | 0 | (25.0) | 33 | (3.0) | ||
| Combined procedures | 57 | (33.5) | 245 | (25.9) | 2 | 25.0 | 300 | (27.1) | ||
| Other type of surgery | 3 | (1.8) | 15 | (1.6) | 1 | 12.5 | 17 | (1.5) | ||
Data are expressed as the median and interquartile range (Q1–Q3) or absolute numbers and (percentage). The association of baseline characteristics with AKI and death was analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum or Fisher’s exact test. ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease, *, replacement or reconstruction (alone). Bold fonts indicate p-values < 0.05.