Table 4.
Inflammatory profile of breast tissue according to the degree of lobular involution, stratified by parity status.
| Continuous Scores | Parous (n = 118) | Nulliparous (n = 44) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breastfeeding (n = 61) | Without Breastfeeding (n = 57) | ||||||
| Involuted (n = 28) | Non-Involuted (n = 33) | Involuted (n = 38) | Non-Involuted (n = 19) | Involuted (n = 19) | Non-Involuted (n = 25) | ||
| SFRP1 | Mean | 1.9 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 3.3 |
| p-value | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.0030 | ||||
| Pro-inflammatory markers | |||||||
| IL-8 epithelium | Mean | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.4 |
| p-value | 0.0083 | 0.98 | 0.019 | ||||
| IL-6 epithelium | Mean | 1.6 | 4.0 | 2.06 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 3.6 |
| p-value | 0.0013 | 0.037 | 0.11 | ||||
| Leptin epithelium | Mean | 3.7 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 6.4 |
| p-value | 0.00045 | 0.0067 | 0.0030 | ||||
| TNF-α epithelium | Mean | 1.6 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 4.1 |
| p-value | 0.0011 | 0.021 | 0.0022 | ||||
| COX-2 epithelium | Mean | 4.8 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 6.1 |
| p-value | 0.12 | 0.050 | 0.041 | ||||
| COX-2 stroma | Mean | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 2.0 |
| p-value | 0.35 | 0.044 | 0.090 | ||||
| SAA1 epithelium | Mean | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 3.7 |
| p-value | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.033 | ||||
| STAT3 epithelium | Mean | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 4.2 |
| p-value | 0.76 | 0.20 | 0.51 | ||||
| CRP epithelium | Mean | 1.8 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 2.8 |
| p-value | 0.00011 | 0.070 | 0.0070 | ||||
| Anti-inflammatory markers | |||||||
| TGF-β epithelium | Mean | 1.1 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.3 |
| p-value | 0.090 | 0.81 | 0.48 | ||||
| IL-10 epithelium | Mean | 3.5 | 5.0 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 5.4 |
| p-value | 0.0075 | 0.14 | 0.0021 | ||||
| Lactoferrin epithelium | Mean | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 4.7 |
| p-value | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.0062 | ||||
Abbreviations: MC, microcalcifications; SFRP1, secreted frizzled-related protein 1; IL-8, interleukin 8; IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; SAA1, serum amyloid A1; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; CRP, C-reactive protein; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; IL-10, interleukin 10. The p-value < 0.05 is considered significant.