Table 6.
Inflammatory profile of breast tissue in presence of microcalcifications, stratified for parity status in all women (n = 162).
| Continuous Scores | Parous (n = 118) | Nulliparous (n = 44) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breastfeeding (n = 61) | Without Breastfeeding (n = 57) | ||||||
| No MC (n = 37) | MC (n = 24) | No MC (n = 33) | MC (n = 24) | No MC (n = 25) | MC (n = 19) | ||
| SFRP1 | Mean | 2.7 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 3.7 |
| p-value | 0.63 | 0.061 | 0.0057 | ||||
| Pro-inflammatory markers | |||||||
| IL-8 epithelium | Mean | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.4 |
| p-value | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.15 | ||||
| IL-6 epithelium | Mean | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.8 |
| p-value | 0.90 | 0.37 | 0.64 | ||||
| Leptin epithelium | Mean | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| p-value | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.97 | ||||
| TNF-α epithelium | Mean | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 |
| p-value | 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.79 | ||||
| COX-2 epithelium | Mean | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 6.0 | 4.6 |
| p-value | 0.55 | 0.30 | 0.09 | ||||
| COX-2 stroma | Mean | 2.3 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
| p-value | 0.0085 | 0.63 | 0.48 | ||||
| SAA1 epithelium | Mean | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.8 |
| p-value | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.12 | ||||
| STAT3 epithelium | Mean | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
| p-value | 0.73 | 0.64 | 0.68 | ||||
| CRP epithelium | Mean | 3.3 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 1.3 |
| p-value | 0.87 | 0.27 | 0.019 | ||||
| Anti-inflammatory markers | |||||||
| TGF-β epithelium | Mean | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.1 |
| p-value | 0.50 | 0.025 | 0.20 | ||||
| IL-10 epithelium | Mean | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| p-value | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.97 | ||||
| Lactoferrin epithelium | Mean | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.1 |
| p-value | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.21 | ||||
Abbreviations: MC, microcalcifications; SFRP1, secreted frizzled-related protein 1; IL-8, interleukin 8; IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; SAA1, serum amyloid A1; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; CRP, C-reactive Protein; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; IL-10, interleukin 10. The p-value < 0.05 is considered significant.