Table 2.
Main characteristics and outcome of included studies about UV.
| Study Title | Reference | Year | No of Animals | Specimens | Surface Treatment | UV Treatment | Follow-Up | Outcome | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Photo-induced hydrophilicity enhances initial cell behavior and early bone apposition. |
Sawase, T et al. [26] | 2008 | Six rabbits (tibia) | One implant each side of the tibia; cpTi screw implants (Nobel Biocare RP Mark III fixtures; Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden). |
Post-annealed from the titanium implant; tetraisoproxide plasma by the plasma source; ion implantation | UV irradiation for 24 h | 2 weeks | BIC (%) | BIC untreated: 17.97%; BIC UV: treated 28.2%. |
| The effect of ultraviolet C irradiation via a bactericidal ultraviolet sterilizer on an anodized titanium implant. A study in rabbits | Park K.H et al. [27] | 2013 | Fourteen rabbits (tibia) | Twenty-five titanium discs and 56 screw tipe implants. Each rabbits received four control or test implants (UV treated). | Anodized implants | UV irradiation via a 15W lamp for 24 h | 4 and 12 weeks | BIC (%) | Four-week mean value: control group (12): 42.92%; test group (12): 55.11%. Twelve-week value: control group (14): 55.81%; test group (14): 57.78%. |
| The in vivo bone response of ultraviolet-irradiated titanium implants modified with spontaneusly formed nanostructures | Shen J et al. [20] | 2016 | Forty rabbits (femur and tibia) | A total of 160 screw-shaped implants divided in 5 groups: (1) SLA new (2) SLA old (3) modified SLA (4) UV SLA (5) UV modified SLA. |
Sandblasted and acid-etched | UV irradiation via a 15W bactericidial lamp for 24 h | 3 and 6 weeks | BIC (%) RT (removal torque) |
BIC mean value at 3 weeks: group (1): 40.05% group (2): 30.2% group (3): 35.3% group (4): 59.6% group (5): 61.8% BIC mean value at 6 weeks: group (1): 41.6% group (2): 31.3% group (3): 39.3% group (4): 69.5% group (5): 72.0% Torque removal mean at value 3 weeks: group (1): 42 group (2): 30 group (3): 39 group (4): 70 group (5): 90 Toque removal mean value at 6 weeks: group (1): 70 group (2): 42 group (3): 60 group (4): 82 group (5): 105 |
| Photofunctionalised Ti6Al4V implants enhance early phase osseointegration. |
Yamauchi, R et al. [28] | 2017 | Five rats (femur) |
One implant each side; implant made from pure Ti and Ti6Al4V (B. Braun Aesculap Japan Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan). | Specimens: pure Ti and Ti6Al4V with average surface roughness values of 0.66 and 0.34 μm, respectively | Exposure to UV irradiation for 15 min using a photo device (TheraBeam Affinity; Ushio Inc., Tokyo, Japan) at an intensity of 3 mW/cm2 | 2 and 4 weeks | BIC value (BV/TV %) |
Pure Ti value: Untreated 2-week value: 39.8%; treated 2-week value: 56.8%. Untreated 4-week value: 61.6%; treated 4-week value: 80.7%. Ti6Al4V value: Untreated 2-week value: 44.4%; treated 2-week value: 65.0%; untreated 4-week value: 58.6%; treated 4-week value: 76.3%. |
| Effects of ultraviolet Photoactivation on osseointegration of commercial pure titanium dental implant after 8 weeks in a rabbit model | Sanchez-Perez A et al. [29] | 2020 | Five rabbits | Twenty commercial implants. | Group 1: as received; group 2: UV treated |
A 6W UVC source for 15 min (Analizer VL 6c) | 8 weeks | BIC (%) | BIC mean value: Control group: 26.835%; test group 24.225%. |