Table 2.
GPCRs known to regulate mTORC1 activity.
| GPCR | Coupled G-protein | mTORC1 Activity | Model/Cell Line | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP-1 | Gα(s) | Increase | BRIN-BD11 | [200] |
| α2-AR | Gα(i/o) | Increase | PC-12 | [185] |
| M4mAChR | Gα(i/o) | Increase | PC-12 | [186] |
| V1 | Gα(s) | Increase | Rat mesangial cells | [187] |
| TSH | Gα(s) | Increase | Rat thyroid, CHO | [188] |
| PGF2α | Gα(s) | Increase | bLCs | [189] |
| OX1/2R | Gα(s) | Increase | HEK-293T, N41, MEF | [190] |
| mGluR | Gα(i/o) | Increase | Primary neuronal | [193] |
| KOR | Gα(i/o) | Increase | Adult male CD-1 mice, N2A-FmK6H cells | [196] |
| T1R1/T1R3 | Gα(i/o) | Increase | MIN6 | [197] |
| GPR137B | ? | Increase | Hs68, HeLa, HEK-293T/E, HAP1, MEF, zebrafish | [199] |
| β1/β2-AR, AVP, GCGR | Gα(s) | Decrease | Various cell lines, Primary hepatocytes, mice | [159] |
? = Unknown; Listed are some of the known GPCRs that positively or negatively regulate mTORC1. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1); α-2 adrenergic receptor (α2-AR); Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (M4 mAChR); Vasopressin V1 receptor (V1); Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH); Prostaglandin F2-α receptor (PGF2α); Orexin 1/2 receptor (OX1/2R); Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR); kappa opioid receptor (KOR); Taste receptor type 1 member 1/3 (T1R1/T1R3); GPCR 137B (GPR137B); β-1/β-2 adrenergic receptor (b1/b2-AR); Arg vasopressin receptor (AVP); Glucagon receptor (GCGR). Rat pancreatic hybrid cells of NEDH and RINm5F (BRIN-BD11); rat adrenal gland cells (PC-12); Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO); bovine steroidogenic luteal cells (bLCs); Human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK-293T); mouse embryonic hypothalamus N41 cells (N41); Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF); mouse neuro2A neuroblastoma with FmK6H construct (N2A-FmK6H); mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) human primary fibroblasts (Hs68); Henrietta Lacks cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa); haploid 1 cells (HAP1). G-proteins presumed, not all GPCRs were presented with coupled Gα protein in respective reference.