Table 3.
Known phosphorylation sites of mTORC1.
| mTORC1 Subunit | Site Phosphorylated | Kinase | mTORC1 Activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mTOR | Thr 2446, Ser 2448 | Akt | Increase | [206,207,208] |
| Ser 2448 | S6K1 | Increase | [209] | |
| Thr 2446 | AMPK | Decrease | [210] | |
| Ser 1261 | ? | Increase | [211] | |
| Ser 2481 | mTOR | Increase | [212,213] | |
| Ser 1415 | IKKα | Increase | [214] | |
| Ser 2159, Thr 2164 | TBK1, ? | Increase | [215,216] | |
| Raptor | Ser 863, Ser 859 | mTOR | Increase | [217,218] |
| Ser 696, Thr 706, Ser 863 | ? | Increase | [219] | |
| Ser 719, Ser 721, Ser 722 | RSK1/2 | Increase | [220] | |
| Ser 8, Ser 696, Ser 863 | ERK1/2 | Increase | [221] | |
| Ser 696, Thr 706, Ser 863 | JNK | Increase | [222,223] | |
| Ser 859 | GSK3 | Increase | [224] | |
| Ser 722, Ser 792 | AMPK | Decrease | [86] | |
| Ser 863 | NLK | Decrease | [225] | |
| Ser 791 | PKA | Decrease | [159,160] | |
| Ser 606 | LATS1/2 | Decrease | [226] | |
| Ser 696, Thr 706 | cdc2 | Increase | [227,228] |
? = Unknown; mTORC1 components mTOR and Raptor and the corresponding phosphorylation sites, kinase and effect on mTORC1 activity. Rac-α Ser/Thr-protein kinase (Akt also known as PKB); p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1); AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR); IκB kinase α (IKKα); TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1); p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1/2 (Rsk1/2); extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2); c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3); Nemo-like kinase (NLK); protein kinase A (PKA); Large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2); cell division control 2 (cdc2).