C3a and C5a	complement components C3a and C5a; anaphylatoxins
CD4+	T helper/amplifier cells
CD8+	cytotoxic subpopulation of T cells
CLR	C-type lectin receptors
CoV	a family of viruses in which the SARS-CoV-2 strain is included
COVID-19	coronavirus disease 2019
DPP4	dipeptidyl peptidase-4
dsRNA	double stranded RNA viruses
IFN	interferon (IFN-α, IFN-γ)
Ig	immunoglobulin (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM)
IKK	IκB kinase
IL	interleukin (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-21, etc)
IRAK4	interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4
IRFs	interferon regulatory factors
JAK-STAT	Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription
MAD-5	melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAVS	mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein
MCP-1	membrane cofactor protein 1
MyD88	myeloid differentiation primary response 88
NEMO	nuclear factor-kappa B essential modulator
NF- κ B	nuclear factor-κB
NK cells	natural killer cells
PAMPs	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PKCs	protein kinase C
PPRs	pattern recognition receptors
RIG-I	retinoic acid-inducible gene I
S protein	spike protein
SARS-CoV-2	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ssRNA	single stranded RNA viruses
Th cells	T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17)
TIRAP	toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter protein
TLR	toll-like receptors (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7)
TNF	tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α, TNF-β)
TRAF6	tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6
TRAM	TRIF-related adaptor molecule
TRIF	TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β