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. 2020 Sep 11;10(9):634. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10090634

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Paired-pulse depression and facilitation of population spike (PS) in control (CONT) and epileptic (EPI) rats and control (CONT + LEV) and epileptic (EPI + LEV) rats after one week of levetiracetam (LEV) treatment (300 mg/kg/day). Field extracellular postsynaptic potentials were evoked by perforant path stimulation and recorded in the dentate gyrus at intensities that produced 100% of the maximal PS from the input–output curve with interpulse intervals (IPIs) of 10, 20, 30, 70 and 250 ms. Data are represented as the means + S.E.M. of paired-pulse percentages ((pulse 2 amplitude/pulse 1 amplitude) × 100); a percentage < 100% reflects depression and a percentage > 100% reflects facilitation. * p < 0.05 vs. CONT and CONT + LEV groups. Three-way RM ANOVA followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls post-hoc test; n = 7 to 9 animals per group. On the right, representative examples of traces showing the depression and facilitation of evoked field potentials are presented.