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. 2020 Sep 22;9(9):2140. doi: 10.3390/cells9092140

Figure 3.

Figure 3

CMA activity controls the cell cycle and cancer. (A) In physiological conditions, CMA controls the levels of both positive (e.g., MYC and Cyclin D1) and negative (e.g., RDN3, CHK1, and HIF-1α) cell cycle regulators. (B) With low CMA activity, CIP2A and MDM2 are not degraded, which consequently increases the levels of MYC and decreases those of p53, promoting high proliferation and an increase in genetic instability. (C) High CMA activity leads to excessive degradation of the negative regulators of the cell cycle under stressful conditions (CHK1, HIF-1α, and RND3), leading to disorderly growth. (B,C) Therefore, both scenarios (downregulation or upregulation of CMA) can result in malignancy. Figure created with Biorender.