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. 2020 Aug 19;9(9):1926. doi: 10.3390/cells9091926

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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NMII regulates synapse formation and neurotransmission. Left: Incorporation of NMIIB at dendritic filopodia mediates spine stability and NMDAR/GluN-dependent spine maturation. The role of NMIIA in spine morphogenesis is still unknown (indicated with a question mark). PSD: postsynaptic density. Right: NMIIB plays a key role in neurotransmission by participating in multiple presynaptic mechanisms, including synaptic vesicle trafficking; vesicle delivery to the active zone; and clathrin-mediated endocytosis and recycling. Roles of NMII in Rab6-mediated vesicle budding from synaptic endosomes and vesicle retrieval have also been hypothesized but not yet demonstrated [109].